Research conclusions: To correctly do the vertical compression load test to single pile attention should be paid to the in situ operational detailed rules and regulations，the slow maintained load test method should be adopted，the foundation beating capacity should bear the compressive stress，the used instruments and equipments should be in the period of validity，the maximum effective load capacity of the base beam should be not less than 2 times of the characteristics number of the design bearing capacity of single pile with fixing one end of the base beam and simply supporting the other end，the time of loading every level should not be less than 2 hours with achieving a relatively stable settlement，the characteristics number of vertical bearing capacity of single pile should be a half of the ultimate bearing capacity of single pile in vertical compression，and the whole process should achieve the standardization and the sequencing．With all these，the accurate vertical bearing capacity of single pile can be tested．