Research conclusions: In this paper，taking construction of Shiqiaotou Tunnel on the Longyan to Xiamen railway as all example，a series of influencing Actors on the ground deformation and stability of ground buildings when construction of shallow buried tunnel are systematically analyzed，including over excavation of tunnel，reserved deformation volume and soil squeezing in working face．The research results show that buildings above DK 3+200 adjacent to Shiqiaotou Tunnel are unstable because ground loss and ground deformation induced by ground loss when the tunnel is normally constructed．