Research conclusions:(1)For noise emission standard and environmental quality standard， their applicable objects and conditions shall be correctly understood during EIA. The former should be adopted in noise source assessment，instead of the latter.(2)Measured value for one hour respectively in daytime and nighttime，stipulated by specifications，is the evaluation index and contrast value for noise emission，which reflects the impact of railway and urban rail transit during their normal working hours.(3)Emission standard and quality standard shall be distinguished and governed by law. It is the legal liability for developer to meet noise emission standard，while environmental quality standard for noise is an administration basis and legal liability for planning and environmental protection divisions.(4)Noise prevention and control measures proposed in EIA should keep consistency between their efficiency and environmental protection requirements.(5)The research results can provide reference for the noise EIA and noise prevention and control on railway and urban rail transit.