Research conclusions: The railway alignment in plain channelized region should be connected with the city plan． There are two programs for the railway alignment in this section． One is that the railway is on the south side of the Nanjing －Qingdao Highway and the other is that the railway is on the north side of the highway． For closely connecting with the local plan，making full use of the planed reserved passage，considering the influence of the projects on construction and the planned projects and ensuring the rationality of all projects，the program of the railway on the south side of the highway is recommended． Aiming at the region features that there are lots of houses，channelization networks，passages and there is a little soil resource，soil material and land resource with soft soil spreading widely，the boundaries of the track and bridge should be selected in combination with the geological conditions and the filling height，and the proportion of the bridge should be appropriately increased while the demolition and land occupation should be reduced．From the fields of the project investment，the project difficulty，the transport capacity and adaptability and economic evaluation，the comprehensive comparison of the single track program with double － track program is made． The program of building single track with reserved double － track condition is recommended． In order to cut the difficulty in building the double － track in future，it is proposed the beginning and end key projects of somestations should be set aside．

Research conclusions: The curve super － elevation is one of important technical conditions for the track plane design，the track vertical section design and the track design． ( 1) The curve super － elevation can influence the choice of the technical standards，such as the curve radius and the speed target value． ( 2) The curve super － elevation can influence the stipulating the technical conditions，such as the maximum and minimum speeds of the curved track，the length of the transition curve，the railway clearance and the model selection of the track． ( 3 ) The curve super － elevation can influence the railway traffic safe and economic indexes，such as the railway traffic safety，the passenger comfortableness and the operational and maintenance costs．

Research conclusions: Based on the study of muti － geological information integration，3D visualization remote sensing image modeling and 3D visualization remote sensing image interpretation method to establish route，physiognomy and geology 3D scene of DaiYun － shan to Gao Gai － shan Zone for qualitative interpretation of the morphological characteristics，fault structures and bad geology． Interpretation results can effectively guide geological survey，reduce the workload，ensure tunnel large scale geological survey precision．

Research conclusions: In the past one hundred years，the sea level of the South China Sea raised by an annual average of 20mm，with the tendency of raising more and more year by year． As the prediction of the raise amplitude raise of the sea level is rather complicated，on consideration of the factors of the sea level raise in theory，the abnormal fluctuations of the sea level，the raise of the flood and tidewater and the topography change，it is predicted that the sea level along the Pearl River Delta region will raise to 22 ～33 cm by 2 030 and it will produce the raise of underground water in this area．

Research conclusions: The research results showed that: in natural state，the simulated safety factors of the sliding surface of the 1，2，3and 4 stages were respectively 1． 27，1． 30，1． 56 and 1． 73 and it indicated that the instability would not appear to the four sliding surfaces in a given sliding surface spatial form and in the natural geotechnical parameters conditions． The simulated safety factors of the sliding surface of the 1，2，3and 4 stages were respectively 0． 96，1． 15，1． 48 and 1． 60 when the simulation calculation was made for the geotechnical parameters in the saturation state． If the safety factor fs = 1． 2 was taken as the critical value，it showed in the saturation state，the obvious instability phenomenon appeared to the1 － stage sliding surface，the safety factor of the 2 － stage sliding surface was 1． 15，being at the edge of instability，and the safety factor of the 3 and 4 － stage sliding surfaces was bigger than 1． 2，being in the stable state． These conclusions were basically consistent with the analysis results of the multi － stage landslide in loess area with the Monte － Carlo simulating method．

Research conclusions: Basic characteristics，especially strong structural characteristic and high yield strength characteristic of mid － compressible clay on fluvial high terrace are summarized in this paper． Deformation law of this kind of foundation soil under low loading level is analyzed; At last，different calculation methods are proposed to calculate different settlement，that is，elastic theory method and proportion of settlement － completion method based on elastic method can be used in total settlement and residual settlement calculation respectively． Generally speaking，after the load stable for 6 months，completion of the settlement ratio can be up to 90%．

Research conclusions: The results shows that the punch through depth is a founction of thickness of upper layer soil，which can be affected by elastic modulus，nonhomogeneous and friction of footing． The strength ration of soil can affect the ultimate bearing capacity of two － layered soil foundation greatly，but not the punch through depth．

Research conclusions: The test results indicate that the observed settlement of the foundation is up to 1800 mm，and the mean consolidation degree of the foundation is 95%． The observed horizontal displacement is very small． During the whole loading process，the foundation has been in the state of safety． It is shown that the treatment scheme for the foundation is rational and feasible． The observed vane strength of the new hydraulic fill muck of the foundation reaches 12 kPa after improvement． The soil indices of the new hydraulic fill muck are improved to some extent． The anticipative efficiency is achieved for the foundation improvement． The utilization of geosynthetic materials such as geogrids successfully solves the technical problem of difficulty of direct surcharge on the new hydraulic fill muck，and it can be further popularized in similar projects． The per － unit － thickness compression amount of the foundation with new hydraulic fill muck is larger than 200 mm/m，indicating that the compressive deformation of the new hydraulic fill muck belongs to large deformation problems and it should be considered in theoretical calculations．

Research conclusions: It is known by comparison that the maximum settlement of cover plate occurs in the circular pile，followed by the square and Y － section piles; the settlement of soil between piles for circular pile is largest，while that for square pile firstly greater and then less than Y － section pile; the different settlement between cover plate and inter － pile soil for circular pile is of maximum，followed by Y － section and square piles; the pile － top and pile － end average stress for square pile is greater than circular and Y － section piles in turn．

Research conclusions: The design scheme of a deep excavation in close to 6 － storey brick residential building in Shanghai soft soil and the technical measures for surrounding environment projection are described in detail． Then the three － dimensional finite element model is established to simulate the influence of excavation on the adjacent buildings by PLAXIS 3D Foundation program． Calculated deformation of the retaining wall and the settlements of the adjacent buildings are in good agreement with the measured values． The influence of excavation on surrounding environments is effectively predicted by the proposed model and analysis method，which provide an important reference for the design and construction．

Research conclusions: The micro － mechanics simulation results showed that the contact force between sleeper and ballast could be reduced by blowing ballast and the ballast blowing had a little influence on the sleeper － ballast deformation． So the mechanics principle of the ballast blowing car operation was revealed quantitatively from the numerical value principle． Compared with tamping ballast，the ballast blowing is high － efficient，rapid，low － cost and environment protected maintenance way．

Research conclusions: Four items of main risk factors were showed in this design by risk identification，namely?structure system innovation risk of Long － span Self － anchored Suspension Bridges，adverse weather condition risk on construction safety，? box beam? multiple points incremental launching construction risk on deformation and stability，boats accidental collision risk on temporary piers during construction． According to risk occurrence probability and risk loss， the whole risk level belongs to the second grade，which could be accepted，and preventive measures should been put into implement to promote the safety of bridge construction．

Research conclusions: The results showed that the connection transfer force characteristics of the friction － typed multiple － row bolt depended on the external load，the contact surface condition and the equivalent cross － section stiffness． The slippage between the core plate at the front and end rows bolts and the contact surface of the splicer，the design gap value between the bolt and keyhole and the load bearing capacity of the shear － loaded hole wall were considered as the criterion for the limit condition of the load bearing capacity of the connection of the multiple － row bolt．The force transmission ratio of of the joint bolts on the front and rows of long － row friction － typed high － strength bolt was the biggest． The limit load bearing capacity of the node of real bridge met the design requirement．

Research conclusions: After making the comparative analysis of various programs for pile foundation pit，the cofferdam bracing way with steel sheet pile in the single layer was adopted and with it the supporting structure facilitated the easy construction and mechanical excavation of borrow pit with feature that the construction could be conducted easily and rapidly to ensure the levee safety during construction period and the levee recoverability after construction． The concrete would be poured to the pile cap as a whole for one time． According to the simulation analysis result of the temperature field of hydration heat during the mass concrete construction period of the pile cap，the temperature reducing system with buried cooling water pipelines and the temperature monitoring system with electronic components were used to guarantee the concrete construction quality of the pile cap．

Research conclusions: Through optimizing the matching ratio of concrete and studying the engineering testing，the structural style of the concrete column was adopted． In this way，the position between the bottom segment of the steel tower and the concrete surface could be well adjusted and the rather big space could be provided for tamping the concrete． Also the grouting was conducted to the top part for ensuring the flatness and compactness of the mass steel －concrete coincided section． By optimizing and selecting the reasonable hoisting process，the precise positioning between the cross girder and T1，T2 was ensured while by using 5 200 t/m tower crane，the construction concept of the " segment being prefabricated in plant and assembled in site" was realized and the the construction period was shortened by 1 /3．

Research conclusions: The cut － and － cover tunnel will be constructed over the electrified railway for Chongqing －Huaihua in operation． According to the technology of“One cut － and － cover tunnel and one interval”，it solves the difficult problem of constructing subgrade of the cut － and － cover tunnel without impact on the regular operation of railway． The approach to the development of installing the“arch”steel tube brace for the transitional contact the way of suspension solves the difficulty of possibility of the electricity current cutting by which the catenary and locomotive in question are supported in case the existing pillars be removed． It originally makes the lining trolley in the arch ring which has the functions of lifting，sliding and anti － electric． It solves the problem that the lining trolley would not touch the contact wire while performing on the contact wire net and also protects the workers from the danger of electric shock．It could carry out the construction and guarantee the safety of operation at the same time with the arch ring of reverse templates． The above － mentioned new technology in construction is worthy being applied in the similar projects．

Research conclusions: The kilometer deep shaft lining structure was monitored with FBG sensors． After a complete cycle of monitoring，the temperature and strain changing regularity was obtained in the surface soil segment and the bedrock segment of the shaft． The shaft is easier to fracture in the summer，because the temperature strain achieves its maximum during June to October． Applying the FBG sensing technology to monitoring the deep shaft lining structure under the condition of large water spray provides a new and stable technical scheme for the shaft lining deformation monitoring．And it greatly promotes the technology innovation of the shaft lining long － term monitoring under complex stratum conditions． In addition，it also has important directive significance for the other geotechnical monitoring projects in complex stratum．

Research conclusions: The comparative analysis of the theoretical forecast computation and the measured data on the surface deformation of one interval tunnel of Xi＇an subway was made and the results showed: ( 1) The predicted surface deformation tendency and data calculated by the prognostic formula was basically consistent with the actual value．( 2) During shield construction，the front additional pushing force could remain the the stability of the soil in front of the excavating surface and the big or small of the the front additional pushing force could influence the big or small of the ground vertical displacement． ( 3) During shield construction，there were lots of factors to influence the ground vertical displacement，but the big or small of the gap of the shield tail had the biggest influence on the ground vertical displacement． ( 4) During shield construction，the ground settlement decreased with the increase of the axial distance of the tunnel，and deformation above the the tunnel axial was the biggest．

Research conclusions: From the simulation of the process of the shield tunneling through the adjacent piles with the ANSYS and the comparison of the simulation result with the in － situ measured results，it was revealed that the main deformation of the piles was up floating and lateral banding． In the process of the excavation of the non － reinforced body by the churning pile，the maximum calculated and measured up floating value was 2 mm while the maximum lateral deformation volume was 5． 7 mm． From the analysis of the influence of the reinforcement by the churning pile on the deformation of the pile foundation，it was concluded the reinforcement by the churning pile could effectively cut the lateral deformation of the pile foundation during shield tunnelling． Concretely speaking，after reinforcement by the churning pile，the lateral deformation of No． 1 pile body was cut by 28． 5% and the lateral deformation of No． 2 pile body was cut by 42． 2%．

Research conclusions: For the protection of adjacent subway tunnel which the accessional settlement of the tunnel induced by the excavation can not exceed 20mm． Considering the protection of adjacent Shanghai No． 2 tunnels of N0．1788 of west Nanjing road，many special measurements were applied to the designing of pit project． Including the proposal of down － up method with zoned construction with a temporary diaphragm wall inside the excavation engineering，prediction the accessional deformation of tunnels by numerical analysis and detailed in situ monitoring of the pit and tunnels during excavation． According to the in situ monitoring data，The protection of the adjacent tunnels is successful and it testified the validity of the designing and construction of the excavation engineering in soft soil．

Research conclusions: With the increment of excavation depth and the application of steel support，the deformation state of the retaining pile gradually developed form the anteverted curve towards foundation pit to bow curve and the place of the maximum horizontal displacement also moved down． The horizontal deformation of the retaining pile and the axial force of the steel support increased with the increment of excavation depth． In fact，the monitored values were much smaller than the warning value ，so the support scheme was conservative．

Research conclusions: Based on the practice of constructions of the East －West Highway project and railway projects in Algeria with the European standards，in this paper，the introduction is respectively given to the system constitution and characteristics and the specialty features of both European and Chinese standard systems for geotechnical engineering．Especially，the comparative study is done on the differences between the two systems，and the advices are offered on revision of the stand system for geotechnical engineering in China for attracting the more attention to it by people of the same trade and offering references for the those design and survey institutes who aspire to work overseas．