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2016 Vol. 33, No. 3 Published: 2016-03-15

Geology and Subgrade Railway and Rail Bridge Engineering Tunnel Engineering Urban Rail Construction Engineering Economy and Management

Geology and Subgrade

	1	Research on the Force Exerting Mode Model Test of Tunnel - Landslide Orthogonal System ^Hot!
		WU Hong - gang1，CHEN Xiao - yun2，AI Hui3
		Research purposes ： With the rapid development of Chinese high - speed railway in recent years，especially in the west of the complex terrain，the total length of the tunnel has accounted for a growing share of the railway line， leading to that lots of tunnel must pass through the landslide，which may cause a serious threat for the construction and operation of the tunnel. At present，it did not form a unified understanding and standards for the design and construction of tunnel in our country，and also there is no complete calculation theory. Focusing on the tunnel - landslide orthogonal system in this paper，three loading conditions are simulated by three sets of model tests，which the tunnel are in the above of the sliding surface，across the sliding surface and under the sliding surface，the sliding mass is forced to slide by loading on the rear of landslide and excavating the toe of landslide，the stress of tunnel is monitored and researched by tiny earth pressure cell around the tunnel. Research conclusions ：( 1) The pressure around the tunnel is increasing with the loading and excavation，and it has a gradually stable trend. (2) The pressure of tunnel near the mountain is significantly greater than that near the river in the first model test，and the same can be said in the second model test，but the pressure in the same position is smaller than that in the first，the pressure near the mountain is similar with that near the river in the third model test. (3) The pressure on the top of tunnel tends to drop from the site of mountain to the river，which is opposite at the bottom of the tunnel，and they all have a trapezoidal shape. (4) The research results can provide references for the design and construction of railway tunnel which pases through the areas of landslide.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 1-5 [Abstract] ( 2885 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1242 KB) ( 2503 )

	6	Research on the Deformation and Bearing Characteristics of Composite Foundation with Long and Short Piles
		MA Xue - ning，LI Shan - zhen，TIAN Zhao - bin，WANG Bo - lin
		Research purposes： Under embankment load， the wolfing mechanism of long and short piles composite ground is very complicated and the research results of the design and calculation are fewer. In order to promote this composite ground，it is necessary to study the behaviors of the composite ground. The settlement characteristics of the long and short piles composite ground are studied with field tests，then the effects of pile length on the settlement and bearing characteristics of composite ground are studied using numerical simulation. The accuracy of the model and the rationality of the parameters are verified through comparing analysis. Research conclusions ：( 1) Under embankment load，the settlement process of long and short piles composite ground is divided into three stages： the rapid development stage in which the settlement is 59. 2% to 62. 5% of the total settlement; the first 45 days in the rest period is the gradual development stage in which the settlement is 28. 1% to 33.3% of the total settlement; the last stage is the stable stage of settlement in which the settlement is about 7. 5% to 9. 45% of the total settlement. (2)The subgrade base settlement along the cross - section has a bowl - like distribution， the largest value is at roadbed centerline， the minimum value is at the foot of the slope; short piles length and substratum stiffness should be considered when the long piles are designed. Meeting the settlement and bearing capacity，the short piles are designed on the basis of the project cost. (3 ) At first the stresses of both long and short piles increase then decrease with the pile depth，the peak appears at a certain depth near the top of the pile. The stresses of long pile decrease with increasing of the short pile length，and the whole pile length play a bearing role. (4) At first the pile soil stress ratio and load sharing ratio of long piles increase rapidly，then tend to stable，and they decrease with the increase of short pile length. (5 ) The research results can provide theoretical basis for the design of composite ground with long and short piles under embankment load.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 6-10 [Abstract] ( 2784 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1115 KB) ( 2496 )

	11	Research on the Settlement Law of Subgrade in the Regions of Fine Sand with High Salinity under Different Construction Methods ^Hot!
		WU Ya - ping1，PAN Gao - feng1，LIU Lu1，WANG Jun2，WANG Gang3，ZHOU Yong3，LI Tao3
		Research purposes: In order to investigate the effect of different construction methods on the settlement lawof subgrade in the regions of high salt saturated fine sand and provide theoretical basis and application guidance for the foundation treatment， the subgrade filling and the subgrade disease control in the similar areas， based on practical engineering，field test and numerical simulation，a comparative analysis on the subgrade settlement law and deformation mechanism was carried out under different subgrade treatment methods. Research conclusions:(1) The prepressing treatment of subgrade can accelerate the settlement of the subgrade into the steady state. (2 ) The method of not digging out salt crust can reduce the settlement after construction of subgrade，whicli put the rolling process on salt crust directly and then start subgrade filling. ( 3 ) According to the principle of track - laying after basic stability of subgrade settlement，it is recommended that the reasonable time for upper structure laying should be 180 days after the project completion. (4) The research results can be used in some saline soil subgrade engineering.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 11-15 [Abstract] ( 2750 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (953 KB) ( 2446 )

	16	Subgrade Bed of Heavy Haul Railway under Large Axle Load and Strengthening Measures ^Hot!
		JIANG Chu - sheng1，LUO Qiang2，LI Qing - hai1，LAN Xiao - ping1，LI Fei1，DENG Tian - qi1
		Research purposes ： To increase train axle load is an effective means to improve the rail transportation efficiency and has become the development direction of heavy haul rail freight in the world. In order to perfect the design technology of heavy haul railway subgrade and strengthening measures of roadbed structure of our country， and coordinate the 11 going abroad" development strategy of China railway technology，this paper checked and calculated the heavy haul railway subgrade structure under the condition of large axle load based on the strength and deformation control standards on the basic of the analysis of structural types of haul railway subgrade in Oman and Australia，and discussed the strengthening measures of surface layer of subgrade. Research conclusions ：( 1 ) The subgrade structure of haul railway in Oman and Australia can meet the strength and deformation requirements under the current train load conditions，but the structure strength and anti-deformation capacity of subgrade bed should be improved with the increase of axle load. (2) Aiming at the potential deterioration problem of subgrade bed service performance under the conditions of 40 t axle weight and adverse water environment， the optimization recommendation of strengthening measures of surface layer of subgrade that use the asphalt concrete which have high strength and good water preventing ability combined with graded broken stone is put forward. (3) The calculating analysis method on the structure intensity and deformation suitable for heavy haul railway subgrade under large axle load has guiding significance to the improvement of design and technical standard of heavy haul railway subgrade of our country.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 16-20 [Abstract] ( 2778 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1322 KB) ( 2526 )

Railway and Rail

	21	The Design and Consideration of Ballastless Track Structure for Chengdu - Mianyang - Leshan Railway PDL ^Hot!
		TIAN Chun - xiang，XIONG Wei
		Research purposes： With the construction of high - speed railway in recent years，the technology of design and construction for ballastless track is relatively mature. But the design of ballastless track can be optimized combined with the construction of site. Based on this，this paper introduced the design survey of ballastless track structure for Chengdu - Mianyang - Lesiian Railway，and introduced design details for the layout of slab，the design of track structure on bridge and turnout structure and so on. And combined with the construction of site，this paper put forward relevant suggestions，which provide the references for design and construction for other ballastless track of high - speed railway. Research conclusions:(1) The selection of fasteners on bridge based on sufficient argument is correct，the design of baiastless track for beam ends and turnout is reasonable，and the measure to control the fastener space across the beam joint is feasible. (2) During the design of ballastless track，we should pay attention to the integrity and cohesion of the track system engineering，more to the details and interfaces and to strengthen the design of waterproof track. (3) The ballasted track construction should control details in order to reflect the design concept， and ensure the construction quality of the track structure from the control of the raw material，process and quality. (4) The research results can be applied in the design of ballastless track for high speed railway.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 21-24 [Abstract] ( 2799 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1456 KB) ( 2539 )

	25	Research on the Temperature Field Characteristic of CRTS II Slab Ballastless Track
		WU Bin，LIU Can，ZENG Zhi - ping，WEI Wei
		Research purposes: In order to get the temperature distribution and variation rules of CRTS I slab ballastless track，it took the Shanghai - Kunming High Speed Railway CRTS I slab baiastless track as research object，and each structural layer temperature was continuously tested by arranged sensors along the track structure in the depth direction. Research conclusions：( 1) The track structure temperature changes with a daily cycle back and forth. (2) In the test period，the highest temperature of the top surface of track plate was above 10F than air temperature，and the maximum positive and negative temperature gradient was 48. 0F/m and - 33. 6F/m. (3) With increasing depth of track structure，the fluctuations of the top surface temperature and temperature gradient gradually attenuated and the phase difference of those increased，and the mutation appeared on the temperature curve in CA mortar layer，for another the base plate temperature gradient changed slightly. (4) The temperature field load mode of vertically slab track was established under high temperature conditions by the regression analysis of temperature and temperature gradient，which was based on least squares method，and the prediction model of track plate maximum temperature gradient built upon the correspondingtop surface temperature， in addition the accuracy of prediction models was high with the correlation coefficient varying from 0. 82 to 0. 93. (5) The research results can provide references for selection of CRTS I slab ballastless track temperature load mode.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 25-27 [Abstract] ( 2732 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (905 KB) ( 2515 )

	28	Influence of Interface Bond Damage on the Dynamic Characteristic of CRTS Ⅱ Slab Track
		ZENG Zhi - ping，LUO Jun，LIU Bin，LIU Fu -shan，WEI Wei
		Research purposes ： The interface bond damage ( IBD) between the slab and self - compaction concrete (SCC) is one of the most common damages of CRTS Ⅱ slab track. Based on the theory of vehicle - track coupling dynamics and the structural characteristics of CRTS Ⅱ slab track， a spatial vibration model for train - CRTS Ⅱ slab track interaction was established，and the influence law of IBD between the slab and SCC on the vibrations of CRTS Ⅱ slab track was revealed，by comparing the conditions without IBD and those with IBD. Research conclusions ：( 1 ) The dynamic responses of CRTS Ⅱ slab track generally increase with the rising of train speed and the depth of IBD，especially for the vertical tension of the fastener，the dynamic responses of the slab，SCC and foundation， as well as the interaction of the interface. Compared with conditions without IBD， the increase amplitude of the vertical tension of the fastener may reach 5 % and 25 % respectively，the increase amplitude of the slab acceleration may reach 30% and 70% respectively，and the increase amplitude of the foundation acceleration may reach 35% and 60% respectively，when the depths of IBD are equal to 0. 25 m and 0. 50 m respectively. (2) When the bond under the entire edge of the slab is damaged，the relative vertical acceleration between the slab and SCC may exceed 2 times larger than the slab acceleration，and the patting between the slab，SCC，and foundation may increase greatly，which may lead to a faster damage of each part and the corresponding interface of CRTS Ⅱ slab track. (3) The depth and length of IBD should be strictly controlled during the maintenance of CRTS Ⅱ slab track. (4) The research results can provide useful references for the maintenance of CRTS Ⅱ slab track.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 28-33 [Abstract] ( 3113 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1256 KB) ( 2528 )

	34	Research and Application of CRTS I Slab - replacing on Bridge
		WANGTao, SHAOPi - yan，LI Hai - yan，LIUZi - ke
		Research purposes ： Under the comprehensive function of thermal stress， vehicle dynamic load and weathering，diseases of individual CRTS I slab appear such as cracked，chip off— falling，then it is possible to replace new one in the future. Combining with the new railway without operations in which damaged slab must to be replaced， the process of replacing CRTS I slab was studied in this article，and the results can provide reference for slab baiastless track maintenance in our country. Research conclusions ：( 1 ) The construction plan of rail - lift replacing slab was applied which depended on simple equipment，and overcame some special difficulties，such as track crane unfeasible scheduling，temporary - convenience road ended nearby bridge，to avoid breaking seamless rails. (2) The key steps： freed rail fastening and lift rail firstly， laterally pulled slab away by roller，the slab was raised in middle place between double - track railway，moved to hoisting location by flat car，and truck crane lifted the slab of the car from the space between double overhead contact system，also，the new slab was repositioned by reverse operating，then，it was the first successful to accomplish slab - replacing. (3) A method for using special equipment and rapid - hardened mortar is proposed，which will greatly reduce construction time，and the process of slab - replacing can be finished during maintenance gap in the future.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 34-36 [Abstract] ( 2705 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1054 KB) ( 2446 )

	37	Analysis of Harmonic Response of CRTS Ⅱ Prefabricated Slab Track with Anti - vibration Structure
		REN Juan - juan1，ZHAO Hua - wei1，LI Xiao1，XU Kun2
		Research purposes ： Vibration and noise issues caused by high - speed railway have received extensive attention，the application of slab track with anti - vibration structure would be an effective measure to deal with this problem. A study on the harmonic response of CRTS Ⅱ prefabricated slab track with anti - vibration structure was conducted by establishing a 2 - D slab track model in frequency domain. Based on vibration theory and finite element method，transmit function ( receptance) and vibration isolation efficiency were taken as two evaluation index in order to research the vibration transmission and vibration isolation performance. From numerical simulation of the impact of the basic slab track parameters on the vibration isolation efficiency，some recommended slab track parameters were put forward. Research conclusions:(1) CRTS Ⅱ prefabricated slab track with anti - vibration structure has great vibration isolation effect in mid and high frequency area. (2 ) Increasing the thickness and density of the track slab can improve the vibration isolation efficiency of the track system，and the slab with higher density is more effective. (3) The suggested damping range of the anti - vibration pad is 0. 1 MN ? s/m3 ~ 0. 25 MN ? s/m3，and in the allowable range， a lower surface rigidity is preferable. (4) The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the design and construction of CRTS Ⅱ prefabricated slab track with anti - vibration structure.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 37-42 [Abstract] ( 2656 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1603 KB) ( 2456 )

Bridge Engineering

	43	Design and Research on the Switch Beam Structure of Passenger Dedicated Line Elevated Station Throat Area ^Hot!
		CHEN Xin
		Research purposes: With the construction of the domestic passenger dedicated line，some station is located on the viaduct. Seamless switch puts forward special demands on the bridge，bridge type layout should be combined with switch. The width change of station throat area is big，and bridge structure has difficulties to adapt to it. The seamless switch force on the bridge is so large that the bridge substructure design is difficult. So it is necessary to research the switch beam V bridge layout， top and bottom structure form， interaction between beam and rail，bridge dynamic simulation analysis of passenger dedicated line elevated station throat area. Research conclusions ：( 1) In throat area using beam bridge that the span is 32. 7 m is appropriate. ( 2) Throat area bridge width change is big，it’s able to adapt to the characteristics by means of using many kinds of structure transverse forms. ( 3 ) The continuous beams on crossing line area are unnecessary to set up multiple fixed pier，still use a single fixed pier. (4) The longitudinal fixed support position of switch beam in throat area decides the size of the longitudinal force of bridge piers，the route expansion force of side beams is larger. (5 ) The forms of the throat areas switch beams change more， so it V necessary to research the reasonable position of their transverse fixed support. (6) Dynamic simulation analysis verifies the driving safety and ride comfort. (7 ) The research result has promotion value for design of the switch beam structure of passenger dedicated line elevated station throat area.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 43-47 [Abstract] ( 2811 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (559 KB) ( 2502 )

	48	Research on the Structural Prestress Reinforcing Approach Based on the Limit State Design
		QIANG Shi - zhong1，XING Bing2，XIAO Jun1，TANG Tang1
		Research purposes ： In order to overcome the stress diference between the new and old materials caused by the diferent stages of the bridge reinforcement，a new type of structural prestressed reinforcement method was proposed. Based on the limit state design，optimum unload rate was defined，then on this basis，the bearing capacity formula was deduced. Also three beams with same size was reinforced under different unload rate，and the bearing capacity of combinational section was measured，the test data validated the derived results. Research conclusions:(1) This method takes into account the characteristics of the structure with reinforcement，which can effectively change the stress difference between the old and the new material. (2) The unloading rate has a significant effect on the load bearing capacity of the normal use limit state，but little on the ultimate bearing capacity ： When the unloading rate is 46%，the normal use limit state of the test beam and the bearing capacity limit state carrying capacity are increased by 45% and 4% respectively; When the unloading rate is 213% ( reverse unloading)， the normal use limit state carrying capacity is reduced by about 14%，ultimate bearing capacity increased by about 10%. (3 ) The research results can be used to optimize the unloading rate and parameters of reinforcement design.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 48-53 [Abstract] ( 2809 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (776 KB) ( 2461 )

	54	Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of the Variable Cross - section Continuous Box Girder Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs
		JI Wei1，DENG Lu2，LIU Shi - zhong1，LIN Peng - zhen1
		Research purposes ： In order to study the dynamic characteristics of the PC box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs ( CSWs) with variable cross - section，the bridge model with the span (3+3) m used in the experiment testing is a one - to - ten scale model developed for the Juancheng Yellow^ River Bridge. The model test and ANSYS finite element simulation are used to study the dynamic characteristics of the PC continuous box girder bridge with CSWs with variable cross - section. Research conclusions ： The results show ： (1) The number of diaphragm has great influences on the torsional vibration frequencies of this type bridge， while has little influences on the vertical bending vibration frequencies. (2) The fundamental frequency formulas from the JTG D60 -2015 code for the continuous girder are used to calculate the PC box girder bridge with CSWs with variable cross - section. The measured values and FEA values have big differences with the JTG D60 -2015 code values，so vertical fundamental frequency formulas of the continuous girder in current code are not suitable for this kind of bridge. (3) Considering the shear deformation of the CSWs， the correction formulas are obtained for the PC box girder bridge with CSWs with variable cross - section. (4) The research conclusions can provide references for the analysis of dynamic characteristics of variable cross - section PC continuous box girder bridges with CSWs in highway bridge engineering.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 54-58 [Abstract] ( 2759 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (882 KB) ( 2509 )

	59	Research on the Forming Mechanism of Cracks of Prestressed Concrete T Beam in Cold Area
		XIANG Min1，FENG Yang - yang1，ZHANG Yan - mei2
		Research purposes ： A wide range of cracks are shown in the prefabricated prestressed concrete T beam on a highway located in the cold northern area which is still in construction stage，which is longitudinal cracks along the longitudinal direction of the prestressed pipe. In order to study the forming mechanism of cracks， through site investigation，T beam analysis and measurement test and the explosion test of prestressed pipe injection， this paper deduced prestressed pipeline lateral concrete stress field and displacement field analytic expression caused by prestressed concrete structure prestressed pipe concrete slurry and ice frost heave by using lame solution and higher concrete theory， analyzed the stress field distribution of prestressed pipe deviation which may occur in the construction of T beams by using the finite element，and analyzed the existing state of beam section stress field in situation of porous prestressed pipe concrete slurry and ice frost heave. Research conclusions ：( 1 ) Crack formation mechanism ： The grouting slurry is poor in quality ； the construction technology can;t meet the requirements, free water and air exist in prestressed pipes, when the temperature drops to minus ； frost heave static detonation caused by grouting slurry and free water leads to stress field change of prestressed pipe and concrete out of pipe and tensile stress higher than tensile strength of concrete ； so the concrete in and out of the beam cracking and freezing and thawing cycles appears, liquid in the pipe will flowout along the different crack path. (2) The prestressed reinforcement concentrates in the central section of beam where prestressed pipe concrete cover of horseshoe and web is thinner，static detonation frost heave can easily cause the superposition of concrete tensile stress in this section, leading to concrete cracking of prestressed pipe，all directions in horseshoe and web plate in that section. (3 ) Beam body in which cracks appear will significantly affect the bearing capacity and durability，and it is difficult to asess the impact. (4) The research result can provi(ie reference for disease control of similar engneering.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 59-63 [Abstract] ( 3022 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1550 KB) ( 2546 )

	64	Research on the Damage of Bridge Pier in Mountain Area under Impact of Rockfall
		GU Xiang1，ZHAO Lei1，YU Zhi - xiang1，XU Hong - di2
		Research purposes ： In order to research the damage of bridge piers，which was caused by the rockfall in our western mountain area，based on the damage constitutive model proposed by HJC，the damage of double - column pier under the impact of rockfall was analysed by the nonlinear explicit dynamic software LS - DYNA according to the typical bridge pier on Dujiangyan to Wenchuan Road. And the degree of pier damage was analysed by changing impact height， velocity，eccentricity，impact angle，impact surface and the rock diameter. Research conclusions:(1) The rock diameter and velocity were the parameters with the most influence on the damage volumn rate of bridge pier. It indicated that the more energy rockfall had，the greater damage bridge pier was suffered. The energy parameter E which included diameter and velocity， should be adopted to be the reference on damage of impact. (2 ) Adding steel plate tube and thickening concrete protective layer should be adopted to reduce the damage of rockfall to bridge pier on Dujiangyan to Wenchuan Road. When the potential energy of rockfall was too big，a further active protection measure，such as protective nets and protective railings， should be taken to avoid the damage of the whole components. (3) This research results can be used in guiding for the design of protective measures for mountain bridge piers under impact of rockfall.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 64-69 [Abstract] ( 2713 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (930 KB) ( 2446 )

	70	Research on the Seismic Design Method for Concrete Gravity Piers with Low Longitudinal Reinforcement Ratio
		CHEN Xing - chong，ZHANG Yong - li^ng，DING Ming - bo，LI Xiao - zhong
		Research purposes： Concrete gravity piers with low longitudinal reinforcement ratio are extensively used in the high - speed railway in China. Code for seismic desi^+n of railway engineering only gives one stage strengtii design method under frequent earthquakes，however，it have no checking calculation method under rare earthquakes. In view of that，the relationship between seismic performance of piers wit!i low longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement is discussed， and then seismic checking index and checking method are presented in this paper. Research conclusions ：( 1) Seismic performance of piers with low longitudinal reinforcement ratio is closely related to the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement， with the increase of the ratio of reinforcement，the ductility will be gradually transition to the feature of reinforced concrete pier. (2) Concrete pier with longitudinal reinforcement ratio from0.1% ? 0.5% should consider energy dissipation capacity and limited value of displacement ductility factor can be linearly interpolated from 1.0 to 4.8. (3) A nonlinear analysis model and a simplified analysis method for the single pier with lowlongitudinal reinforcement ratio are presented under rare earthquakes. Simplified analysis method is suggested in order to make seismic design easier to engineers. (4) The research results may provide a reference for design method of the concrete gravity type pier with low longitudinal reinforcement ratio under rare earthquakes.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 70-74 [Abstract] ( 2738 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1149 KB) ( 2443 )

	75	Analysis of Interactive Influence of Light Rail Trains and Vehicles on Cable - stayed Bridges
		CHEN Huai，ZHU Xiao - qing，CHEN Dai - hai
		Research purpose ： The vehicle was modeled by multiple rigid bodies，the bridge was modeled by spatial beam elements，vehicles and bridge were taken as an interactive system，then the equation of the bridge - light rail train - vehicle system was established and the corresponding program was compiled. As an example， the coupling vibration responses of long - span cable - stayed bridge - light rail train - vehicle system were analyzed by using dynamic time - history analytic method， and the interactive influence of light rail trains and vehicles on long - span cable - stayed bridges was discussed. Research conclusions：The results show that：(1) The influence between light rail trains and vehicles is more obvious in vertical direction than in horizontal direction. (2) The rest of the vehicles have greatest impact on the vehicles，which are in middle position in the team. ( 3 ) The influence of light rail vehicles and vehicle interaction on the car body displacement response is more obvious than acceleration response，which shows that the overall stiffness of the bridges larger. (4) The obtained conclusions can provide reference for design and operation management of the same kind of bridge.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 75-79 [Abstract] ( 2779 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (694 KB) ( 2532 )

	80	Design and Discussion on Disassembled Scheme In - tunnel of West Qinling Tunnel
		FENG Huanhuan,LI Huai
		Research purposes： West Qinling Tunnel of Lanzhou - Chongqing Railway has some characteristics of long lines，high construction difficult and new construction technology，whose total length is about 28. 23 km. In order to better solve the difficult problems of disassembled scheme in - tunnel of West Qinling Tunnel，in view of the drawback to research on TBM disassembled technology in - tunnel，the key technologies were fully researched and analyzed from the two aspects of TBM disassembled preparation scheme and system demount methods，providing reference for this and similar to project construction. Research conclusions ：( 1) When the scheme of TBM disassembled in - tunnel was designed，we should take full account of demount chamber design，construction equipment configuration，facilities cleaning and step mechanism installation. The work of host section disassembly was in strict accordance with the order of 1： bridge，support system， shield， cutterhead，main bearing and mounting rack. (3 ) Identification methods of mechanical components，electric system and hydraulic system were summarized. (4 ) Width of demount chamber is smaller than actual demand， 0. 5 meter of allowance need to be increased per side. After the disassembly cleaning of cutterliead was completed，a comprehensive inspection was taken，and the special schemes for the maintenance and storage of main bearing were formulated. (5)The research results can provide guidance for TBM disassembled in - tunnel of this and similar projects in the future， to ensure construction safety and high efficiency.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 80-84 [Abstract] ( 2741 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (954 KB) ( 2505 )

Tunnel Engineering

	85	Causes Analysis and Treatment of Damage in a Shallow Buried Box Metro Tunnel ^Hot!
		LIU Ting - jin1，XIA Wen - yu2，ZHOU Shu - yang2，CAI Ren - xian2
		Research purposes ： Some damages such as leakage in deformation joint，disengaging and transverse cracks in ballast，water and sand gushing of ballast，have been fund in the shallow buried box metro tunnel，which caused by excavation of adjacent deep foundation pit. In this paper，overview of the metro tunnel disease accident is researched， and then the main disease and distribution are sorted，at last，causes of tunnel disease are deeply investigated which provide reference for damage treatment. Research conclusions ：( 1) The structural differential settlement of tunnel is the main reason of leakage in deformation joint. Meanwhile，it is the important reason of disengaging，transverse cracks，water and sand gushing in ballast. (2) The compression of layer leads to huge and uneven settlement of tunnel structure which caused by the decrease of groundwater level. (3) As the shadow buried tunnel is weak to resist the excavation disturbance of adjacent foundation pit，ground fissure occurred above the metro tunnel caused by uncoordinated horizontal deformation between ground and tunnel structure， which will aggravate the tunnel leakage. (4) The reasonable treatment scheme of grouting reinforcement has been proposed. (5) The conclusion could be used for reference of similar engineering of metro tunnel.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 85-90 [Abstract] ( 3242 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1218 KB) ( 2523 )

Urban Rail Construction

	91	RiskControl Technology of Leakage Accident for the Subway Arriving
		ZHOU Cheng，YU Qun -zhou，YANG Jun
		Research purposes： In the background of leakage accident in a practical engineering，this paper put forward a treatment technology for the leakage accident in the subway arriving construction in the light of the technology like grouting reinforcement， end precipitation strengthening，segment structure monitoring， surrounding environment monitoring，segment repair and so on. Research conclusions： By processing end reinforcement accident in a practical engineering， this paper arrived at the conclusion:(1) Strict management and fine construction can greatly reduce the risk of end reinforcement. (2) The risk control can be realized by the technology like grouting reinforcement，end precipitation strengthening，segment structure monitoring， surrounding environment monitoring and segment repair. ( 3 ) We should make statistics for the seepage water，and if there is seepage water，use polyurethane to block the leakage water with the standard that the pressure is not more than 0. 4 MPa. (4) Use the inner and outer repairing method to repair the segment. ( 5 ) On the progress of construction，the monitoring of shield segment structure， surrounding surface and housing should be strengthened， monitoring frequency and monitoring sites should be properly encrypted. (6)The subway shield construction plan should be discussed and selected through experts， and the relative safe construction scheme is finally chosen through the comparison. (7)The research can be applied for the risk control of the similar engineering.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 91-95 [Abstract] ( 2644 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1095 KB) ( 2494 )

Engineering Economy and Management

	96	Research on the Estimating Whole Life Cost - significant ofConstruction Projects Based on the Hopfield Neural Network ^Hot!
		DUAN Xiao - chen1，LV Qian1，ZHANG Xiao - ping2
		Resarch purposs ： The transport infrastructure is in a large - scale，high - standard construction period at present in China. However，the investment management is incompatible with the increasing of government investment. The main reason for these problems is the existing cost estimation model which mostly use linear method，and the actual project cost can’t be classified as simple linear properties due to various factors and differences. This paper combined the whole life cost - significant theory with artificial neural networks，studied and explored the reliability and accuracy of nonlinear methods for investment project cost. Resarch conclusions ：( 1) Using cost - significant method in the whole life cycle cost can quickly accurately find out the actual data，greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy. (2) Through contrasting the prediction precision of WLCS and CS，the method of Hopfield neural network can improve the calculation precision，simplify the calculation process， and reduce the computation time. Hopfield model can quickly realize the associative memory of significant project，and accurately estimate the budget of the proposed construction project cost. ( 3 ) The estimation method and evaluation system can be applied to cost estimation and control in the field of infrastructure projects.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 96-101 [Abstract] ( 2755 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (518 KB) ( 2530 )

	102	Research on the Internet c Construction of Railway Engineering Project Material Information System
		ZHAO Li - qin，LIU Jing - yan
		Research purposes ： Along with the popularity of railway construction project during the 11 Thirteen Five - year Plan" period，construction enterprises put forward higher requirements on material supply. Computer network system can provide a broad information platform for the construction enterprise material management. In order to realize the high integration and dynamic management of the construction enterprise material supply chain system，this paper analyzed project material supply of China Railway Eighteenth Bureau Limited Company， constructed the company "s material information system Internet + imagine，and provided decision - making advice and suggestions for the supply chain of construction enterprises expansion to a greater market space. Research conclusions:(1) Construction enterprise material management information system and Internet +，can fully realize the socialization of enterprise material purchasing，transportation，warehousing function，and can better leverage social resources. (2) If building construction enterprise material management is via the Internet +， the material cost reduction，management efficiency and data security would have greater improvement. (3) In this paper，the trapezoidal fuzzy number similarity evaluation method is used to evaluate the quality，risk and benefit of construction enterprises under the condition of uncertainty. (4)The material management system, which is set by the paper, can be widely used in building construction enterprises.
		2016 Vol. 33 (3): 102-105 [Abstract] ( 2774 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (911 KB) ( 2444 )

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