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2016 Vol. 33, No. 8
Published: 2016-08-15
Geology and Subgrade
Tunnel Engineering
Research on Railway Networks
Survey and Design
Urban Rail Construction
Engineering Economy and Management
 
       Engineering Economy and Management
1 Start - up Standardization Practice and Innovation for Railway Construction Projects Hot!
LU Chun - fang
Abstract： Research purposes: The standardization management for railway construction projects is the basic management mode，which couples between project management and enterprise management，and adapts to the needs of large - scale and high - standard railway construction. Aiming at its reality of 11 emphasizing on the project implementation, paying little attention to the pre - start"，this paper researches and puts forward the phased concept of standardization management，so as to improve the whole process management level of railway projects. Research conclusions:(1) In order to lay a solid foundation for building the railway construction project in accordance with law， starting in the high standard and promoting in science and order， start - up standardization should be paid attention to from the roots， the standardization management content， standard and process should be implemented， and the person liable and liability assessment should be strengthened. (2) In order to create favorable conditions for orderly advancing， effectively controlling and promoting the balanced construction， according to the goal of project construction， start - up standardization needs to strictly carry out the every start - up conditions，do the strict work process and clear the responsibility interface and coordination mechanism of all parties. （3 ) Through actively promoting and strictly controlling of construction units， all parties should be urged to implement the standard in the beginning， make the standard being habit，and the habit and work are in accordance with standard，to ensure the quality of every link of engineering implementation to reach the standard，the safety to be controlled. Engineering projects are " start - up will be excellent, comprehensive quality will also be excellent.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 2806 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (940 KB)  ( 2486 )
       Research on Railway Networks
8 Research on the Transfer Model between Hangzhou to Lin an Inter - city Railway and Metro Network
WANG Hong - gang
Abstract ： Research purposes ： DC system is recommended in the engineering of Hangzhou to Lin an inter - city railway， because the network system is the same as Hangzhou metro, and also it's connecting with the network，there are two possible ways of the transfer model： transference and cut - through. Based on passengers comfort, operation organization management，system capability and engineering scale，the paper compares and analyzes the rationality of two transfer modes, determines the transfer mode in current planning environment, and finally proposes the key factor of the transfer mode between the similar inter - city railway engineering and metro network. Research conclusions ： (1 ) The key factors determining the transfer mode between DC system inter - city railway and metro network are the volume and exchange capacity of the passenger flow. (2) If the passenger flow volume is well - matched or exchange capacity of the passenger flow is large, the cut - through operation of the two transport lines is more necessary. (3) We need to focus on analyze the passengers'comfort，the system capability of connecting line and the impact on the engineering investment， to select the detailed scheme of cut - through. （4) Considering the connecting plan of transference， we should try to achieve the multipoint transference of inter - city railway and metro network. (5) The research result has reference value of determining connection mode of the inter - city railway and metro network.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 8-13 [Abstract] ( 2729 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (857 KB)  ( 2466 )
14 Research on the Railway Corridor Construction for Liaoning Province Assimilated into "the Belt and Road Initiative"
ZHANG Meng - tao
Abstract ： Research purposes ： Currently， the new growth point in Liaoning Province still relies on the traditional advantages, in order to speed up the structural transformation and connect with "the Belt and Road Initiative" closely， railway corridor need to be built to export surplus high - capacity productivity，to make the current industry disadvantages into advantages. In this paper, based on national strategic requirements of "the Belt and Road Initiative" and the development of the railway network and regional advantages in Liaoning Province， the focal point of Liaoning integrated into " the Belt and Road Initiative" is identified，to build the railway transport development channel and provide transport support for going global of Liaoning Province. Research conclusions:(1 ) Liaoning Province has high density railway network， but the existing railway standard is low and capacity is tight, the quality of transport is hard to adapt to market demand. (2) Liaoning Province need to communicate with Mongolia，Russia and get to Germany and Northern Europe which is composed of the " Liao - Man - Europe" and "Liao - Mongolia - Europe" rail transport channel. (3) Currently the two channels are facing the tight capability of Beijing - Harbin line, transport organization problem of Ba - Zhu， Ba - Xin railway lines and other lines connection，so we need to take measures to improve them. (4) This research result can provide reference for Liaoning Provinces 13th Five - Year Railway Plan.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 14-17 [Abstract] ( 2970 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (500 KB)  ( 2462 )
18 Scheme Research on the Xiangyang to Jingmen Segment of Mengxi - Central China Railway Coal Transport Corridor Hot!
SUN Ying - hua
Abstract：Research purposes： Mengxi - Central China Railway Coal Transportation Corridor is a large - capacity， direct，efficient coal transportation from Inner Mongolia - Shaanxi - Gansu - Ningxia energy 11 golden triangle" coal producer to Hunan - Hubei - Jiangxi main consumption，which gives priority to coal transportation, taking into account along with other local goods and short - distance passenger transport task. Xiangyang to Jingmen section locates in the middle of the channel, and is " nexus" node of the channel transport organization. Combined with existing traffic corridor layout and line straight from Xiangyang to Jingmen, the straightening program, along existing Jiaozuo - Liuzhou Railway line program， and along the highway corridor program are studied，the line length，project investment， engineering geological conditions，difficulty degree of implementation，and opinions from local authorities are analyzed and compared and a reasonable route plan is put forward. Research conclusions:( 1 ) The straightening program is straight lines，saves investment and avoids the adverse geological area， such as karst geological subsidence area and soft soil， to improve the safety and reliability of the construction operations，to be recommended. (2) Scheme comparison of railway line is a comprehensive systematic project，need a comprehensive comparison of its economic, security and views of all parties, to find the best balance, in order to promote the project， to start the construction and put into operation as soon as possible， to play the role of railway artery as soon as possible. (3) The current program in each stage has been reviewed by the censors, and has entered the implementation of the construction. The research method can be applied to comparison and determination of designing scheme of similar railway.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 18-21 [Abstract] ( 2795 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (3109 KB)  ( 2431 )
22 The Hydrogeology Survey and Line Selection for the Guanyinshan Tunnel of Chengdu - Guiyang Railway Hot!
GUI Jin - xiang，YUE Zhi - qin
Abstract：Research purposes： The Guanyinshan tunnel of new Chengdu - Guiyang railway is located in Dafang county， Bijie city of Guizhou province. On the account of the fast uplift of Yunnan - Guizhou plateau, the deep river cutting over 600 m and the development of geological structure and heavy rainfall，the karsts in the limestone area of Permian and Triassic were extremely developed and the corrosion datum became very low. As a result，the surface water system was not developed and the surface water environment became extremely harsh and sensitive. What s more，the karst rocky desertification was quite serious. Therefore，we need to identify the geological factors which can affect the route plans and study their hazards，to predict the adverse effects on the engineering and provide the basis for the railway location and project settings. Research conclusions:( 1 ) This tunnel was located in the south - north tectonic belts of sandblasting well， which combined the backbone of epsilon - type structures with the east - west tectonic belts of road slope in western Guizhou. The faults, folds and transverse tension joints which were perpendicular to their axis were developed. (2) The Qihua - tianba anticline was capsized anticlines and the ring closure shaped mud shale in two wings and capsized sides cut off the channel of the karstic water. Thus，the local small watershed perpendicular to the anticline axis not only greatly weakened the karst development level in the south of Guanyinshan watershed，but also created the conditions for the formation of Lutang reservoir with the plateau - mountain pool type. (3) The line was chosen in the un - development karst area far away from the Lutang reservoir. Based on these conditions, it can not only avoid the risk of karst and reservoir water, but also shorten the railway length and save the engineering investment. (4) The research results may provide guidance for geology route selection of railway and highway in complicated karst mountainous area.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 22-25 [Abstract] ( 2722 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (668 KB)  ( 2439 )
26 Research on the High Resolution Seismic Reflection for Fault Exploration on the Railway Engineering
ZHOU Xue - ming
Abstract：Research purposes： Most of buried fault is located at plain area where surface is covered by loose deposit. Usually, the fault aggravates the damage of earthquake and has great potential safety hazard for the railway engineering safety. Shallow seismic reflection is a major method for buried fault exploration. In this paper, the acquisition and processing technology of high resolution shallow seismic reflection are analyzed and summarized by several successful application of this method, to solve the problem of precise detection for buried fault in railway engineering. Research conclusions: According to the research on acquisition and processing technology of high resolution seismic reflection, in order to increase the application effects，it should take the following measures:(1) Adopt the observation system of small group interval, small shot distance and high folds. (2) Adopt small offset and far shot - geophone distance. （3) Choose the suitable site and seismic source. （4) The equipment should have strong capacity of resisting disturbance. (5 ) Use suitable seismic processing technology. (6) The research results have a certain guiding significance for application of high resolution seismic reflection in fault exploration of railway engineering.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 26-29 [Abstract] ( 2722 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (1510 KB)  ( 2457 )
30 Application Analysis of Light - Lidar in the Railway Engineering Survey
SHI De - bin
Abstract: Research purposes: Light - Lidar, a light small airborne radar, specially designed for delta wing and unmanned aerial vehicles which can fly low, take off easily and are less restricted by air traffic control, is a new scientific research achievement in recent two years. The technical levels of light - Lidar mounted on delta wing in data acquisition,data post - processing, point cloud alignment and filtering develop continually and are widely used and researched in many topics. Herein, further discussions and analysis are reported in this paper so as to accumulate experience in the new technology ’ s extension and application based on a dense vegetation railway aerial project in southern China, a mountain area. Research conclusions:(1) Light - Lidar mounted on delta wing provides an important supplement to the traditionally airborne radar and has advantages as follows： less air traffic control, easy takeoff, high efficiency. (2) Light - Lidar has a wide scan angle range. Lasers from it can penetrate trees in any angle. Light - Lidar receives denser available point clouds which have higher relative accuracy and can meet the need of large scale topographic map and vertical and horizontal section in railway survey. (3 ) With the improvement of the hardware and data processing algorithm，this technology has great application prospects.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 30-33 [Abstract] ( 2630 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (761 KB)  ( 2431 )
34 Estimation of Soil Compression Modulus under Different Stress States Based on Rotary Penetration Test
LI Peng
Abstract ： Research purposes ： Rotary penetration test is a new in - suit testing method that has broad application prospect. It has high efficiency in exploration depth，continuous repeatability，rapid test，economic benefit and other advantages. Through extensive field comparative test analysis， series empirical formulas of soil compression modulus under different stress conditions were established based on rotary penetration test, the influences of the specific energy of rotary penetration test and stress effects on soil compression modulus were revealed. The study results can provide a case for related engineering and promote the application of rotary penetration test. Research conclusions:(1) The characteristics of rotary penetration test were proposed using the specific energy，which was represented as the work of per unit volume of soil mass penetrated by the rotary penetration probe. (2) The specific energy of rotary penetration test showed good linear correlation to soil compression modules under different stress conditions. (3) Under the engineering stress levels (1.6 MPa)，soil compression modulus increased with the increase of stress level，which has the significant stress correlation. (4) The specific energy of rotary penetration test was applied to establish the empirical compressive modulus formulas of silt， clay and silty clay under different stress conditions in Tianjin， which can provide reference for related projects
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 34-39 [Abstract] ( 3396 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (968 KB)  ( 2483 )
40 Application of Multi - scale 3 D Remote Sensing Technology for Geological Investigation in Railway Hot!
LIU Gui – wei
Abstract ： Research purposes ： The main landform types along a passenger dedicated railway in central China are low mountains and hilly areas， where developed the fault structures and the unfavorable geological conditions， such as landslide， collapse， etc. In order to improve the survey quality and optimize engineering geological mapping work， the multi - scale 3D remote sensing interpretation technology was utilized for unfavorable geological condition survey along the railway. Research conclusions ：( 1) Based on the aerospace，satellite, DEM and geological data, combined with the autonomous development software named railway 3D remote sensing interpretation and quantitative analysis system，we built a multi - scale 3D remote sensing scene for interpreting the fault structures and the unfavorable geological conditions along the railway. (2) Through detailed interpretation and field verification， more than 50 fault structures， 27 landslides， 17 potential unstable rocks，4 slides were checked out with the accuracy rate above 80 percent. The fault structures are mainly distributed in the Taiyue low mountainous areas and the Changzhi hilly areas，furthermore， the main strike of fault structures is northeast in the Taiyue low mountainous areas， and east - west in the Changzhi hilly areas. The landslides are mainly distributed in the Taiyue low mountainous areas and the low hilly areas， and most of them developed at both sides of the slopes in the valley. (3 ) The practice shows that the multi - scale 3D remote sensing interpretation technology can fulfil the different needs of geological investigation, and effectively improve the remote sensing interpretation accuracy, furthermore, reduce the workload of field investigation. (4 ) The study results can be used in the railway engineering geology investigation, especially in mountainous areas.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 40-43 [Abstract] ( 3534 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (3184 KB)  ( 2574 )
44 Application of Super - deep Piezocone Penetration Tests in Engineering Investigation
WANG Bo, LI Jian - qiang, FENG Tao, LIN Zhi - heng
Abstract ： Research purposes ： Relying on the engineering investigation project of Bangladesh Padma multifunctional bridge，we introduced the foreign advanced piezocone penetration test( PCPT) equipment, and sought for the best way of deeper PCPT tests. The deep PCPT test technology was developed and improved in the practical engineering through technology improvement，to increase the efficiency，quality and drop cost，create beneficial result. Research conclusions:(1) Apply the multiple - casing method to conquer the problem of great friction force of side wall of poles and that the PCPT test unable to penetrate the gravel and pebble interlayer. The PCPT test depth on land area finally went down to more than 100 m. (2) Compared with the geological drilling， the deep PCPT technology has obvious advantages in the aspects of data reliability，timeliness and economic efficiency. （3 ) As technical view，it is obvious that the super - deep PCPT test and standard penetration test( SPT) have good depth fitting degree. (4) In the engineering investigation on soft soil and sandy area，the technology became increasingly reliable so that it was deserved the popularization and application in similar area. (5 ) The technology needs to be further studied for the geological survey on the water or offshore regions.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 44-49 [Abstract] ( 3554 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (1683 KB)  ( 2467 )
       Survey and Design
50 The Calculation of Transient Electromagnetic Response of Irregular Source Based on Magnetic Dipole
ZHAO Guang – mao
Abstract: Research purposes: The transient electromagnetic method is more sensitive to low resistance body，so this method often be used in the survey of coal mine goaf and groundwater. But in the actual investigation, affected by terrain and surface construction, transmitter loop is often not laid regularly and the current method of calculation is applicable to the regular emission source. Based on the magnetic dipole field superimposed ideas， calculations of transient electromagnetic response of the irregular emission source is carried out，the purpose is to achieve a transient irregular emission source simulation of electromagnetic response，which lays the foundation for the inversion calculation，so that the process can be better applied to complex terrain reconnaissance applications, to solve complex terrain limitations on survey methods. Research conclusions:(1) By comparison with the results of circular and rectangular emission source, the idea based on magnetic dipoles superimposed to calculate the irregular emission source transient electromagnetic response is correct， the calculation method is feasible. （2) In this paper，we achieve the calculation of transient electromagnetic response of irregular emission sources，so that transient electromagnetic method can adapt to the complex terrain，and solve the problem of irregular layout of field emission source， which has practical value. (3) This research has a guiding significance for survey of the railway mining goaf and groundwater under the complex terrain condition.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 50-54 [Abstract] ( 3703 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (627 KB)  ( 2441 )
       Geology and Subgrade
55 General Solution for Coulomb Active Earth Pressure
DING Zhao - feng，WU Pei - pei, LIU Hui - juan, LI Ning
Abstract ： Research purposes ： Coulomb active earth pressure is widely applied in construction engineering. Engineers generally use the formulas of manual or code. But these formulas have limitations which are only applied to specific boundary conditions. And in the process of practical engineering design, boundary conditions often break through these specific boundary conditions. At this point, those formulas from manuals or codes are not applicable,and this often brings troubles to the designers. So it is necessary to find a common solution for Coulomb active earth pressure, which can be applied to all kinds of boundary conditions. This paper presented the common solution based on the principle of Coulomb earth pressure and differential principle，which can be used to provide convenience and reference for designers. Research conclusions:( 1 ) This paper presented a general solution for various boundary conditions based on the principle of Coulomb earth pressure and differential principle. （2) Although this method is more complicated，but it is very easy to implement by using computer programming. The calculation process is convenient and quick. ( 3 ) In practical engineering design，especially when the boundary condition is more complicated，using the software based on the general solution of this paper to calculate the Coulomb active earth pressure can have twice the result with half the effort.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 55-58 [Abstract] ( 2865 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (456 KB)  ( 2451 )
59 Research on the Surrounding Rock Displacement Characteristic and Influencing Factors of Water - filled Karst Cave Tunnel
GUAN Hong – hao
Abstract：Research purposes： With the accelerated development of transport, the construction of tunnel engineering in karst areas will be more and more, and karst water problem will become increasingly acute and is an important factor which impacts line program, tunnel construction and operational safety. Currently the research on karst water stability of surrounding rock of the tunnel is still less. Taking a highway karst tunnel as the background，combined with engineering practice, the presence of surrounding rock displacement and influencing factors of water - filled cave tunnels during the construction process were studied in this paper. Research conclusions:(1) After the tunnel is excavated，the horizontal displacement of surrounding rock near the karst cave is larger than that of away from the karst cave. The horizontal displacement of hance of the tunnel is largest. (2) With increase of the distance between karst cave and tunnel, the displacement of tunnel "s and karst cave "s characteristic positions minished in varying degrees. (3) With increase of karst cave dimension, the horizontal displacement value of karst caves and tunnels characteristic positions increased in varying degrees, which presents a linear relationship, and vertical displacement has little influence. (4) With increase of hydraulic pressure, the horizontal displacement of tunnel characteristic positions increased in varying degrees, which presents a reversed parabola relationship, and vertical displacement changed in little degrees, which presentss a linear relationship. (5) The research results can provide references for the design, construction and research of tunnel through the areas of water - rich karst area.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 59-65 [Abstract] ( 2789 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (1037 KB)  ( 2446 )
66 Mechanism Analysis and Water and Mud Breakout in the Xiaogao Mountain Tunnel in Shanghai - Kunming Passenger Dedicated Railway Hot!
ZHANG Hui - gang, ZHANG Guang - ze, MAO Bang – yan
Abstract ： Research purposes ： During the process of the construction, the geological hazard of water and mud breakout occurs in the Xiaogao Mountain Tunnel. Based on the drilling, geophysical exploration and surface investigation, the comprehensive analysis method, such as the hydraulic analysis method，the karst depression analysis method，the water mark investigation method, is adopted, the law of the development of karst pipeline and the maximum water amount of water and mud breakout are found out，which provides the basis for the drain tunnel. The causes and countermeasures of the occurrence of water and mud breakout are analyzed. Research conclusions:(1) The water and mud breakout is karst pipeline type in the Xiaogao Mountain Tunnel. The disaster cause is related to the periodic rainfall，the blocked karst pipeline caused by construction，the natural flawed in tunnel lining and structure, the weak watertight board between the bottom of the tunnel and the karst pipeline. (2) The largest water and mud breakout amount of the karst pipeline is 108 288 m3/h and drain cave settings should play a role to release water pressure，to ensure the safety of structure and operation. ( 3 ) The analysis of the cause of the water and mud breakout in the Xiaogao Mountain Tunnel provides the reference for the investigation and design of the karst tunnel and the emergency treatment of the water and mud breakout.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 66-70 [Abstract] ( 2765 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (655 KB)  ( 2478 )
71 Analysis of Force Model and Calculation Method of Chair - shaped Sheet - pile Structure Constructed on Steep Slope
YAO Yu - chun1, LI An - hong1, SU Qian2
Abstract：Research purposes： With the load bearing, the sliding resistance and retaining function, the chair - shaped sheet - pile structure is a new combined retaining structure to control deformation for high standard road, especially to ballastless track high speed railway. It is very important to analyze the force model and calculation method of chair - shaped sheet - pile structure in order to popularize its application. Research conclusions:( 1 ) With small stiffness or laid between the flange of piles，the soil pressure of soil retaining plate takes triangle distribution form due to the soil arch effect, with large stiffness, the soil pressure of soil retaining plate takes rectangle distribution form. (2) With large stiffness, the soil pressure of bearing plate takes rectangle distribution form, with small stiffness, the soil pressure of bearing plate takes parabolic distribution form. (3 ) Rock pressure of chair - shaped pile can be calculated with the Technical Code for Building Slope Engineering, the outside passive earth pressure of chair - shaped pile can be calculated with classical earth pressure theory or elastic - resistance theory, inside active earth pressure of chair - shaped pile can be calculated with classical earth pressure theory or soil arch theory. (4) Simply - supported beam model is taken for soil retaining plate and bearing plate, the balance equation is formed according to every micro - unit of which, then the deformation and internal force of which are solved combined with boundary condition. (5 ) The structural calculation of chair - shaped pile can take the elastic foundation beam method or displacement method of structural mechanics. (6 ) The research results can be applied in steep subgrade engineering for high speed railway.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 71-76 [Abstract] ( 2789 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (720 KB)  ( 2438 )
77 Research on the Parameter Sensitivity and Accuracy of Fluid - solid Coupling of Expansive Clay under Low Subgrade
CHEN Wei - zhi1,LI An - hong1, WANG Zhi - memg1, JIANG Guan - lu2
Abstract：Research purposes： Unsaturated expansive clay was widely distributed in China. In the construction of high - speed railway, mainlines is often hard to avoid unsaturated expansive clay region. Meanwhile, the normal operation of high - speed railway will be endangered obviously with the swelling and shrinkage deformation of expansive soil foundation. The swelling - shrinkage deformation of expansive soil foundation has always been a big problem in the design of high - speed railway engineering. To study the swelling deformation characteristics of intact expansive soil foundation under low subgrade of high - speed railway，combined with Regina clay and field soaking tests of expansive soil foundation under low subgrade of Nanning - Kunming high - speed railway，the analysis of parameter sensitivity and calculation accuracy of fluid - solid coupling is conducted. Research conclusions ： ( 1 ) The amount of swelling deformation on ground surface increased gradually from center of subgrade to the lower part of slope of subgrade, and it attenuated along the depth of foundation. (2) The amount of swelling deformation of foundation is increased with the increase of rainfall, but it decreases obviously with the increase of elastic modulus, height of subgrade and Poisson's ratio. (3) Compared with the test result in field, the correction coefficient of swelling deformation of ground surface at any moment is definite, that after soaked and saturated is also * definite. (4) Fluid - solid coupling method is suggested to analyze the swelling deformation of foundation during any moment of artificial soaking, but fluid - solid coupling and fluid - solid uncoupling method can be used to analyze the swelling deformation of foundation after soaked and saturated. (5) The research results can be used as a reference method to construct low subgrade of high - speed railway in unsaturated expansive clay region.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 77-84 [Abstract] ( 2616 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (1440 KB)  ( 2470 )
       Tunnel Engineering
85 Research on the Technology for Shallow Mining Tunnel in Loess Area Crossing Railway Turnout Zone Hot!
WANG Hai – xiang
Abstract ： Research purposes ： According to the safety problems of railway operation and tunnel construction occurred to the engineering passing turnout area of national railway station yard in the tunnel of undercutting with shallow overburden in the saturated loess area， by means of engineering analogy and numerical simulation analysis method， this paper researched a number of key issues， such as the settlement control criterion of turnout area of existing railway， ground improving and strengthening，supporting measure and construction method of tunnel and track strengthening of turnout area，to provide the technical support for the engineering construction. Research conclusions:( 1) The ground settlement control criterion of metro turnout area of mining tunnel under - passing national railway station yard can be considered as 15 mm， and the allowable settlement rate criterion of railway pavement can be considered as 5 mm^d, and then in non - turnout area, the criterion can be appropriately reduced. (2)The way to strengthen track of turnout area takes the principle of partition segment， non - turnout area using the form of strengthening D beams, turnout area using the system of strengthening vertical and horizontal beams. (3) With the ground improved by deep hole grouting in full section， the CRD construction method and the advanced support system of big pipe shed， the pre - convergence deformation of strata in front of tunnel face can be effectively suppressed， the settlement deformation of strata can be effectively controlled， and the safety of passing turnout area in saturated loess tunnel can be ensured. (4) The research results can provide references for the construction of the tunnel under - passing railway turnout area in loess area.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 85-89 [Abstract] ( 2768 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (1276 KB)  ( 2435 )
90 Discussion on the Horizontal Alignment of Extra - long Tunnel
ZHOU Xin – pei
Abstract：Research purposes： Long tunnels are usually designed in a straight line. The author considers that under certain terrain conditions, in order to reduce the depth of the inclined and vertical shafts，which are necessary auxiliary engineering for long tunnel, the tunnel line could be offset to the low side of the mountain and designed to curve. Curved line can reduce the amount of ancillary works，but also increases the amount of the tunnel project. Research purpose is to solve the contradiction between route selection of extra - long tunnel and ancillary works location. Research conclusions:(1 ) By setting reasonable curve in long and extra - long tunnels， can effectively reduce the amount of auxiliary works and shorten the duration of the tunnel，while the incremental amount of engineering is very small. (2) Additional local bypass curve in tunnel has no adverse effects on the vehicle operation. (3) Additional bypass curve does not increase the difficulty and quantity of maintenance works. (4) The effect of additional bypass curve on air resistance and operation ventilation is very small. (5) Additional bypass curve can effectively reduce the depth of auxiliary engineering. (6) This line type is suitable for long and extra - long tunnels.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 90-93 [Abstract] ( 2768 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (464 KB)  ( 2447 )
94 Research on the Automated Extraction of Tunnel Cross Section Hot!
XU Lei1，WANG Chang - jin2
Abstract:Research purposes: During tunnel construction and operation, tunnel cross section must be measured often. The traditional method using total station or profile measure instrument is time - consuming. The current methods are based on cylinder and rectangletype of tunnel, which can not meet the demand of variety type of tunnel structural section measurement. This paper took substation scanning of the tunnel via ground - based laser scanner， then matched and fused the point cloud data of each scanning station. Prosing a new automatic structural section measuring algorithm can realize all types of structures'tunnel contour measuring task. Considering actual engineering project，we have tested the proposed method and accuracy. Research conclusions ： ( 1) Realizing the automatic measurement of tunnel cross - section with three - dimensional laser point cloud data, this method can achieve high efficiency and high precision at the same time. (2) To organize the raw point cloud data based on octree algorithm and filter data noise using random sample consensus ( RANSAC ) algorithm. Section cloud can be segmented using rectangle algorithm. Variety tunnel section can be automatically measured based on ray line intersection. （4) The research results can be used in tunnel structural section measuring， which is fitted the demand of variety tunnel section design type during construction and operation.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 94-99 [Abstract] ( 2804 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (875 KB)  ( 2448 )
       
100 Calculation and Analysis of Steel Reinforced Concrete Beam of One Certain Railway Station
LI Xin – kun
Abstract: Research purposes: The hierarchical structure of large railway station compared to common station is more complex. Generally it is divided into level bearing rail, elevated level and roof level. How to select the reasonable load values and seismic performance objectives combined with its importance and function became the problems to be solved urgently. On the basis of the example of one certain railway station，the analysis and computations of steel reinforced concrete beam affected by factors of performance - based seismic design three level and frequent earthquake under fire engine load and bus load are finished in the paper, and the effect of stirrup under different web opening are discussed. Research conclusions ： (1 ) The calculation condition of steel reinforced concrete beam is complex, and the internal force calculation condition is not necessarily the reinforcement control conditions, so envelope design of structure is necessary. (2)The shear bearing capacity of steel reinforced concrete beam is high, for open hole reinforcement using stiffening rib around the hole or stirrup encryption can satisfy engineering demand. ( 3 ) The research results proposed a new pattern for load determination and calculation methods of railway station，and provided the beneficial references to similar projects.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 100-105 [Abstract] ( 2777 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (623 KB)  ( 2389 )
       Urban Rail Construction
106 Monitoring Analysis of Deformation of Rectangle Pipe Jacking Construction for Subway Underpass
DONG Jun
Abstract ： Research purposes ： Based on a practical example of No. 4 entrance of Wuhan Metro line 3， under the complex environmental conditions with dense first terrace of Yangtze River，pipelines and construction in Wuhan， the regulation of measured data of the settlement of the surface transverse and longitudinal section and the elevated highway pier is introduced and studied. Deformation control measures of rectangular pipe jacking construction in the process are put forward according to the specific characteristics of the surrounding environment of the project，which has important reference and reference value for similar projects. Research conclusions: Through the analysis of settlement monitoring results of the surface longitudinal section and transverse section and surrounding structures， the following conclusions are drawn ： ( 1 ) In the longitudinal uneven distribution of ground subsidence caused by rectangular pipe jacking construction, launching section settlement is larger， settlement control in central section is better，and the part close to the receiving well presents uplift. (2) Due to the constraints of boundary conditions， the transverse subsidence range caused by rectangular pipe jacking construction is larger，obvious settlement appears within 2 times of its width range. (3) When the pipe jacking machine passed monitoring section, ground subsidence continued stable development to the end of construction in this project, the settlement rate of pipe jacking was about 0. 5 mm/d. (4) Because of its resistance to pier deformation capacity, the construction process did not have a significant impact on the pier, and the environmental impact has been well controlled. (5) The research results can provide references for the design and construction of rectangular pipe jacking for subway underpass.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 106-110 [Abstract] ( 2700 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (823 KB)  ( 2437 )
111 Research on the Specifications of Shield Tunnel Segment of Taiyuan Metro Line 2
WANG Li – xin
Abstract：Research purposes： With the large - scale use of shield method in subway construction, it is very important to reasonably determine the specifications and size of shield segment in the design. Currently， the built or under construction subway tunnel segments design often use more engineering analogy at home，less on the system analysis and research of segment specifications，and has not yet formed a comprehensive set of design methods on a variety of factors. Based on the shield tunnel design of Taiyuan metro line 2，combined with hydrogeology condition and engineering characteristics，this paper analyzed and studied of the determination basis of segment specifications，the structure form， diameter and thickness and erection method of segment. the conclusion has important guiding significances to the subsequent shield tunnel design in Taiyuan metro. Research conclusions:(1) For the A vehicle，the inner diameter of 5 500 mm segment can fully meet the requirements of limits. (2 ) Segment ring width by 1.2 m has little increase in the overall investment，and provides inclusiveness for the subsequent small radius lines. (3 ) The results can be applied in the structure design of shield tunnel in Taiyuan Metro Line 2.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 111-115 [Abstract] ( 2962 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (1156 KB)  ( 2471 )
116 Research on the Crossing Priority Parameters of Modern Trams
CHEN Fu - gui, TAN Xiao – tu
Abstract:Research purposes: In recent years, the trams projects began to develop in China, some cities have begun to prepare the design criteria, but have yet to form a general design specification. The designing of the trams projects almost is based on subway design specification, combining with the characteristics of the trams. Because there is no current specification, we should carry on the thorough research in the design process according to the characteristics of the tram, to guide the engineering design. Research conclusions: Based on the example of Yizhou avenue in Chengdu, the crossing signal priority strategy and priority parameters were studied, some suggestions for the industry were put forward, the following conclusions were drawn: 1 ) In order to guarantee the tram streetcar pass the crossing, the phase of tram should be more than 35 seconds; (2) In tram signal priority, the maximum time of extending green light phase is 20 seconds;( 3 ) The maximum time of shifting to an earlier date for green light phase is 5 seconds;(4 ) Induction coil embedded recommendation is located at about 150 m in front of parking location of intersection； (5) By taking tram relative priority strategy, the average delay time of the trams crossing is 30 seconds; (6) The research results can be used to guide the tram intersection signal control design in China.
2016 Vol. 33 (8): 116-120 [Abstract] ( 2693 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (1414 KB)  ( 2469 )
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