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2016 Vol. 33, No. 12 Published: 2016-12-15

Geology and Subgrade Railway and Rail Bridge Engineering Tunnel Engineering Research on Railway Networks Survey and Design Urban Rail Construction Engineering Economy and Management

Research on Railway Networks

	1	Research on the Suburban Train Operation from Shenzhen Pingshan to Shenzhen North of Xiamen - Shenzhen Railway
		ZHAI Qian
		Abstract:Research purposes: With the expansion of city，it has changed from monocentric to polycentric. Pingshan New District，as the new rising center of regional industry，has become the eastern CBD of Shenzhen City. However，the existed transportation system could not fit t!ie speed of raising pasenger flow volume anymore. Therefore，the study on using the existed railway system to run a new line between CBD and suburbs is extremely urgent， which not only provides a safe，convenient and comfortable public transportation service，but also is of great importance for promoting the transformation of new regional industry. Research conclusions :( 1) The operation scheme of Pings!ian to Shenzhen North Station would be highly recommended with considerations of comprehensive technical economics， transportation organization and engineering practicability respectively. (2) According to the prediction of passenger flow volume，the optimum operation scheme of suburban train is presented. (3) By taking fine adjustment to the stop - schedule plan of current train working diagram， the requirement of the suburban passenger travel can be met. (4) This research result has reference value to study on suburban trains operation by using other railway.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 1-4 [Abstract] ( 2767 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (640 KB) ( 2440 )

	5	Research on the Network Role and Function Orientation of Zhengzhou - Jinan Railway
		LIU Yang
		Abstract:Research purposes： Planning and construction of Zhengzliou - Jinan railway will promote the formation of a newpattem of regional rapid railway network，it is very important to study and determine the role of Zhengzliou - Jinan railway in the network functions. The function of Zhengzhou - Jinan railway directly affects the division of the adjacent lines，the choice of line speed，the construction program of railway，it can play a crucial role in the construction. Based on the analysis of the economic and traffic situation along the line，combined with the regional railway network structure， the paper analyzes the functional orientation of the relevant lines， and determines the functional orientation of the Zhengzhou - Jinan railway in the railway network. Research conclusions:( 1) Zhengzhiou - Jinan railway connects the provincial capital city of Henan and Shandong，it is an important fast channel between the two provinces. (2) It can further expand the service scope of Zhengzhou - Jinan railway through the connection with other rapid rail in the area，and it is the convenient channel to connect the city along Zhengzhou - Jinan railway and the surrounding urban agglomerations. (3) Zhengzhou - Jinan railway has a certain role on reduce the pressure on the Beijing - Shanghai high - speed railway transport by undertake part passengers from Tianjin and beyond. (4) Zhengzhou - Jinan railway undertakes a large number of passenger flow of Henan and Shandong province，it has an outstanding inter - city function at both ends (5 ) Zhengzhou - Jinan railway with other lines have a clear division of responsibilities within the channel , it has both intercity and road network transport functions and plays an important role in network.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 5-8 [Abstract] ( 3203 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (669 KB) ( 2464 )

Survey and Design

	9	Application ofRemote Sensing Technology forGeological Investigation in Pucheng - Meizhou Railway ^Hot!
		LIU Gui - wei，GUO Xiao - liang
		Abstract : Research purposes : The fault structures，the unfavorable geological conditions and the complex terrain have made the engineering geological alignment much difficult in Jianning - Guanzhishan section of Pucheng - Meizhou railway. In order to check out the distribution characteristics of thefault structures and the unfavorable geological conditions along the railway，a comprehensive interpretation method，which based on the high resolution and multi - period remote sensing images and three - dimensional remote sensing technique， was utilized for geological condition survey. Research conclusions :( 1 ) Based on a 3D remote sensing interpretation and quantitative analysis system， using the comprehensive interpretation method，the fault structures and the unfavorable geological conditions along the line were interpreted，and the results were verified by the drilling and geophysical prospecting techniques，furthermore，get better interpretation effect. (2)Through detailed interpretation and field verification，more than 50 fault structures which across the line，2 debris flowwere checked out with the accuracy rate above 90 percent. (3) According to the remote sensing interpretation results，engineers adjusted part of the line angle where cross the fault structures to reduce the fractured zone influence on engineering cost and safety of tunnel surrounding rock classification， water inrush， high and steep slope，optimized the bridge spans and drilling position， moreover， made the setting of engineering measures more reasonable. (4 ) The research result can be used for engineering geology investigation and alignment of longer line projects.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 9-13 [Abstract] ( 2716 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1611 KB) ( 2467 )

	14	Research on the Function Orientation of Remote Sensing Technology in Railway Survey Technology System ^Hot!
		GAO Shan
		Abstract : Research purposes : Remote sensing technology provides macro geological basis for railway survey design and long tunnel site selection，can guide engineering geological investigation and exploration work，and reduce the labor intensity and shorten the survey period，improve the quality and efficiency of geological survey. At present，because the railway design industry is not clear for function orientation ; technical standard ; application mode ; operating rules ; thus its application depth and level in railway surveying system are limited. Research conclusions :( 1) Define the function and role of railway remote sensing exploration technical system in basic data acquisition，macroscopic analysis and evaluation. (2) The railway remote sensing exploration technical system satisfies the business requirements of route selection， aerial surveying and mapping， geological mapping， geological surveying，comprehensive exploration， environmental assessment， data collation and standard compilation. (3) The research proposes the theoretical basis and technical route for construction the standardized， systematic， information railway remote sensing survey platform and standardized operating procedures.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 14-18 [Abstract] ( 3333 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (764 KB) ( 2457 )

	19	The Effect of Correlation between Variables on Reliability Index
		WANG Zhan - sheng，LUO Yi - nong，WEI Yong - xing，LI An - hong，GUO Hai - qing，YANG Fang
		Abstract : Research purposes : Reliability index is one of the important indexes to measure reliability，and is also one of the important target values in the transition period of Chinas reliability design standard (code). At present，the limit state design codes of bridge，roadbed， tunnel and rail of railway engineering have been released in China，while the others being in development. No matter for the perfection or the supplementation of these codes in the days to come，it is very necessary and important to establish an accurate calculation method of reliable index. Research conclusions : Firstly，from a practical point of view， this paper points out the defects of current reliability index calculation formula; secondly，from probability theory， a new reliability index calculation formula is establislied considering correlation between variables; findy，through an example，the effect of correlation on the reliability index is analyzed. This result shows as follows : (1) The correlation between the load and the resistance is positively correlated with reliability index. (2) The correlation between the load parts or the resistance parts is negatively correlated with reliability index. (3) The research of this paper has an important theoretical support for the improvement of reliability design code and the establishment of a reasonable partial coefficient.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 19-24 [Abstract] ( 2691 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (601 KB) ( 2435 )

Geology and Subgrade

	25	Analysis and Study of Loess Engineering Characteristics of Dongzhiyuan on Xi ‘an - Yinchuan High - speed Railway
		MENG Xiang - lian，XIA Wan - yun，ZHOU Fu - jun，JU Xiao – qiang
		Abstract:Research purposes: Xi’ an - Yinchuan high - speed railway penetrates northwards through Dongzhiyuan as The First Loess Plateau Form in the World'. The vertical section geologically indicates， the railway line pierces through twice the primary mega - thick loess layer，respectively upwards from underpart and downwards from upperpart. Therefore the loess engineering characteristics of Dongzliiyuan are key controlling factors，due to their significant impacts on the construction of Xi ’ an - Yinchuan high - speed railway in this rail segment. Through comprehensive exploration and test，as well as statistical analysis research on Dongzliiyuan segment，this paper illuminates the loess engineering characteristics of Dongzliiyuan and existing primary engineering geological problems，meanwhile puts forward reasonable measures，to provide reference for the railway construction in loess plateau area. Research conclusions:(1) The primary loess layer in Dongzhiyuan is as mega - thick as 150 ?200 m，and the surface collapsible loess is 15 ~ 23 m，with self - weight collapsibility grade as 2 to 4. ( 2 ) The physical - mechanical properties of Dongzhiyuan loess are remarkably different from south to north and in vertical direction，the loess closer to northi has lower natural water content，lower index of plasticity，higher sensitivity to collapse，higher collapsihility grade. The loess which is deeper has smaller void ratio of loess and higher natural density. ( 3 ) The geological disasters due to collapsible loess，soft plastic loess and gully of loess are main engineering geological problems existed in Dongzliiyuan segment in Xi’an -Yinchuan high - speed railway，to solve these problems，reasonable route selection and engineering treatment measures are required. (4) The research results can provide basic data for projects of Xi ‘ an - Yinchuan high - speed railway and reference for other construction in loess plateau area.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 25-28 [Abstract] ( 2969 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1030 KB) ( 2448 )

	29	Engineering Stability Evaluation on Daoban River Copper Mine Goaf of Yuxi - Mohan Railway
		ZHANG Ying，DU Yu - ben，JIANG Lising - wen，CHEN Wei
		Abstract:Research purposes： The problem of mined out area in railway engineering is the key problem to affect the route scheme，construction and operation safety. The evaluation of the stability of mined out area is still based on the empirical formula. But because it can only be a rough qualitative judgment and can not predict the specific deformation characteristics，and the results also appear relatively rough，it has some limitations. Midas/GTS finite element analysis software can simulate the specific geological conditions and mining conditions， which can predict the deformation characteristics after excavation. Therefore， combinate both of them to research copper mine goaf stability and deformation. The results can reflect the actual，more accurate and more engineering role. Research conclusions:(1) The mining goaf roof rock thickness which make sure railway operational safety is 35. 25 m less than rock thickness near railway line， the surface deformation near the line is almost 0， the railway is in safe condition from the existing position. (2) The 2 methods are validated and complemented with each other，and the results are consistent. The results are more accurate and credible. (3) The research results can directly serve Yuxi - Mohan railway engineering，research method also can be used for the similar engineering stability evaluation of mined out area.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 29-32 [Abstract] ( 2889 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (723 KB) ( 2441 )

	33	Research on the Design of Deep Cut Engineering in Saturated Silty Fine Sand Stratum
		CHEN Hai-jun
		Abstract : Research purposes : Silty fine sand stratum is characteristic of high permeability，weak cohesion，poor self - stability. In the saturated state，such character would aggravate the negative on engineering. The deep cut slope will be poor of stability in saturated silty fine sand stratum， and there are often accidents of water inflow and collapse in the process of cutting excavation. Under the negative effects of ground structure restrictions，7 degree earthquake zone，high groundwater level，saturated fines sand stratum，the economy and rationality of the seep cut design is the main purpose of this research. Research conclusions : ( 1 ) When general conditions (earthquake) and saturated conditions superimposed， safety declines and instability of slope aggravates. (2) After multi - program comparison，retaining structure of pile - slab wall is the optimum choice. (3 ) Churning pile cofferdam has significant effects on cutting off the groundwater out of the pit and ensuring construction safety. (4) Foundation reinforcement and subgrade bed closure are key factors to a successful design. (5)The research results could be referred to foundation pit in the similar conditions.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 33-37 [Abstract] ( 2948 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1573 KB) ( 2437 )

	38	Analysis of Reason for Landslide Disease at Expansiive Soil Embankment and Control Measures
		CHU Yu - guang，WANG Hai - bo，XU Ji – ming
		Abstract : Research purposes : The subsidence，deformation and cracking of subgrade which were on the left side of a station occurred in DK 51 + 800 ?DK 51 + 880，and it became the landslide disease， endangering the traffic safety. Based on analyzing the causes of the landslide disease in detail， the practice proved that the subgrade was safe and stable by the way of the combination of emergency measures and permanent treatment. Through treatment and summary of a landslide disease at expansive soil embankment，it could be used for reference in the similar project. Research conclusions :( 1) The micro composite piles could be firstly adopted in the emergency rescue project of the sloping subgrade. (2) More attention of waterproof and drainage engineering design shoud be payed to the expansive soil subgrade embankment. ( 3 ) The stability analysis shoud be more for t!ie embankment situated on the slope expansive soil foundation. (4) Overall planning should be considered when determining the reinforcement scheme and the emergency rescue project need to the combination of temporary and permanent engineering when condition permitted. (5) The research results can provide the reference for the problems that should pay attention to and their solutions in the subgrade design under similar geological conditions in the future.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 38-42 [Abstract] ( 2771 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1494 KB) ( 2484 )

Railway and Rail

	43	Research on the Technology of Existing Railway Lines Retesting Based on Vehicle Laser Radar Measurement
		TANG Jian – feng
		Abstract:Research purposes: With the increase of railway operation mileage and speed，the workload about retest of existing lines is growing. There is a great security risk，multi- step process and low measurement efficiency in the traditional way to retest the existing lines. Thus the research on an efficient，safe and practical work method is needed. Research conclusions ：( 1 ) Vehicle laser radar measurement technique can obtain the spatial geometric information of the terrain around the railway rapidly and in real time with almost zero interference on operations. ( 2 ) With a few points to refine the original laser point cloud，you can obtain massive data which meets the accuracy requirements on the retest of railway. ( 3 ) Digital imaging results truly record the conditions of railway and corporate equipment on the spot，making the investigation results more intuitive and reliable. (4 ) The research results can be applied to retesting of existing lines， adding new lines， maintenance of equipment， landscape visualization and so on， creating conditions for information management of railway operation systems.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 43-47 [Abstract] ( 2668 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (911 KB) ( 2412 )

	48	A Technical Solution Study of Turnout Inserting into Ballastless Track of Existing High - speed Railway ^Hot!
		SUN Li
		Abstract :Research purposes : With the development of high - speed railway in China， the high - speed railway construction planning is renewing，which makes it necessary to insert turnouts into ballastless track of exsisting high - speed railway. On one side，it needs to ensure the operation of railway; on the other side，the track needs to be removed to insert turnouts. The way to solve the inconsistence is the key technical problem faced by high - speed railway develNpment. Research conclusions :( 1 ) Three technological schemes are proposed， including composite sleeper A polyurethane curing ballast bed，long sleeper buried ballastless track，and composite sleeper A ballastless track bed，which are all meet the relevant technical requirements of inserting turnouts into ballastless track of high - speed railway in operation. (2) It is recommended to use the composite sleeper A ballastless track bed scheme while inserting turnouts into baiastless track of high - speed railway which have been put in operation. (3) Through the practice experience in the newly - built Zhangiajie - Jis!iou - Huai!iua railway connecting to the existing Shanghai - Kunming high - speed railway，it has been proved that tiie research achievement can be applied in the track structure design of high - speed railway.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 48-52 [Abstract] ( 2782 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (727 KB) ( 2499 )

	53	Research on the Load Spectrums of Isolator of the Continuous Floating Slab Track
		LI Zhong - ji，LIN Hong - song，YAN Hua，YANG Ji – zhong
		Abstract : Research purposes : In order to investigate the load spectrums of isolator of the continuous floating slab (CFS) track and provide the basis for the fatigue analysis and tests of the isolator， the floating slab track - vehicle coupled dynamic model is formulated based on the vehicle - track coupled dynamic theory. In the model， the elastic deformation of slab track，track irregularities and the nonlinear characteristics of isolator，wheel/rail interface and the suspension system are taken into consideration. The dynamic load of isolator as the passing of vehicle was calculated with the model. Research conclusions: (1) The results show that the load peaks of isolator are increasing linearly With the vehicle load. Train speed afects only the isolator load time，no significant effects on peak load values. (2) The isolator load spectrum was draw up as one train pa si ng，the main parameters pi( i=0~3) of load spectrum was obtained by coupling dynamics simulation under the different train load condition. ( 3 ) The simplified algorithm of load spectrum parameters was proposed. Compared with the coupling dynamic model， the results obtained through the simplified method show 1% difference in force !，and 10% and 27% diferences in the forces P2 and P3. (4) The research results can be used for fatigue test and fatigue analysis of isolator of tiie continuous floating slab vibration.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 53-58 [Abstract] ( 2832 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1102 KB) ( 2488 )

Bridge Engineering

	59	Overall Designof Hanjiang River Super LargeBridgeof Mengxi - Central China Railway ^Hot!
		XU San – ping
		Abstract:Research purposes: Our country has well - developed river system and numerous rivers. When the railway crosses large navigable river，bridge site selection is influenced by route selection，connection condition，navigation and flood control，project investment，construction，maintenance，and social benefits; the selection of bridge types should not only meet the functional requirements and technical standards，but also should consider the technical and economic indexes，construction organization and landscape effects. Combined with the results of the bridge site and type selection， main bridge design of Hanjiang River super large bridge of Mengxi - Central China Railway，this paper focuses on bridge type scheme determination of large bridge and main bridge design of heavy haul railway low - pylon cable - stayed bridge. Research conclusions : Through the choice of bridge site，determination of bridge type scheme and the design of main bridge on the Hanjiang River Bridge of Mengxi - Central China Railway，the research results show that: (1) The bridge site of large bridge across the river bridge is influenced by channel conditions，navigation requirements，large complex structure stress and other factors，so the adjacent line should take from the bridge site selection. (2) The selection of bridge site should be combined With the adjacent flood control，navigation requirements，port conditions，water features， local planning requirements， river crossing construction safety distance. (3) The bridge type is comprehensively selected from the aspects of technology，economy， construction organization and landscape effect under the premise of meeting the functional requirements and technical standards. (4) The design of heavy haul railway should have large live load and high fatigue requirements $ and cable - stayed bridge design should focus on the research on the structure strength, fatigue and subsequent creep. It is safe and reliable for the low - pylon cable - stayed bridge of the Hanjiang River super large bridge of Mengxi - Central China Railway. (5 ) The research results can be applied to the design of large span bridge and the design of heavy haul railway cable - stayed bridge.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 59-63 [Abstract] ( 3411 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1154 KB) ( 2478 )

	64	Innovative Designof Long - spanSteel Truss ArchBridge
		QU Guo – zhao
		Abstract : Research purposes : The second Hengqin Bridge is the longest - span highway steel tn^ss arch bridge With the span of ( 100 + 400 + 100) m. The bndge is featured witii novel appearance and advanced technology， which is concentrated on many disadvantageous factors of long - span， typhoon， earthquake and marneclimate. The paper researches its span arrangement，earthquake resistance system， anticorrosion system and construction methods，to provide engineerng experience and reference for the design of long - span steel truss arch bridge. Research conclusions: ( 1 ) Using steel - concrete mixed end poral pier， the side span of the brdge is shorten，the negative force of side bearng is eliminated，the whole brdge is located on straight line，the transition with the approach brdge is more smooth，which make the brdge more economical and more beautiful. (2) Viscous dampers are used in the main piers，and E - shaped steel dampers are used in side piers，to effectively improve the seismic peromiance of brdges. (3) The cold application zinc coatings system is first adopted in China，solving the problem of t!ie long - term anti - corrosion of steel bridge. (4) The big - tonnage longitudinal movable supports with a temporary locking devices are developed， the construction method without tie bar is adopted for the first time to ensure navigation durng the construction period .
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 64-67 [Abstract] ( 2716 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (920 KB) ( 2470 )

	68	Research on the Design of Herringbone High Piers of Chongqing - Lichuan Railway Xinqiao Bridge
		WU Zai - xin，CHEN Si - xiao
		Abstract : Research purposes : An innovative application as herringbone high piers is on Chongqing - Lichuan railway Xinqiao bridge，there is no existed engineering case that could be referred to. This paper，by analysis of finite element software model built on the Ansys and Midas platform，goes deeply into the complicated mechanics of herringbone high piers. Additionally，the economical indexes of three types of piers with different height are compared comprehensively， the design principle of herringbone high piers is revealed to help greatly to the Xinqiao bridge design. Research conclusions :( 1) The herringbone high pier has a similar longitudinal stress but a more complicated transverse stress to traditional piers. (2) The strength calculating method of herringbone high piers should be derived based on unsymmetrical bending theory for the inapplicability of the existed railway codes. (3 ) The botom sections of legs are the most important parts for the design of heringbone high piers which could influence greatly on the economical index. (4) The herringbone high piers have lower quantities of concrete and a more economical investment while being applied on the railway beam bridges with piers higher than 100 m compared with traditional type pier. So the spread application of heringbone high piers is significant for the development of railway beam bridges.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 68-71 [Abstract] ( 2600 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (667 KB) ( 2419 )

	72	Analysis of the Structure - borne Noise of Composite Steel Plate Continuous Bridge in Passenger Dedicated Line
		MAGuang
		Abstract : Research purposes : The composite steel plate bridge can gen erate larger structure - borne noise which cannot be reduced by conventional sound barier due to the larger area of steel structural component of the bridge. In order to reduce the structure - borne noise，the frequency and space distribution characteristic，and the contribution of the steel subsystem should be considered firstly. So，the characteristics of structure - borne noise of the composite steel plate bridge were obtained based on the statistical energy analysis method. Research conclusions ：( 1) The structure - borne noise is mainly in 125 ~ 1 250 Hz called medium and high frequency bands. (2) Based on results of typical sound field sites，the web of steel girder is the main noise source，of which the radiation contribution rate is more than 50% . ( 3 ) The decay speed of the structure - borne noise near the ground becomes slowwith the incensement of the distance from the bridge. (4 ) The research results can provide important technical guidance for the structure - borne noise control of railway composite steel plate bridge.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 72-76 [Abstract] ( 2816 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (883 KB) ( 2459 )

Tunnel Engineering

	77	Research on the Detection Method of Tunnel Under - over Break Using Point Cloud ^Hot!
		XU Lei1，WANG Chang - jin2
		Abstract:Research purposes: As an important underground structure， tunnel detection is a frequency jobs during construction stage，which evaluates the construction quality and the stability of surrounding rock. Current traditional technologies that using total station and profile measurement instrument is time consuming. Based on terrestrial laser scanner，the new detection method is efficient and accurate. This paper proposed novel approach to detect tunnel under -over break using laser scanning cloud. Research conclusions :( 1) Detection of tunnel under - over break with three - dimensional laser point cloud can achieve high efficiency and high precision at the same time. (2) As the discrete point cloud data is organized based on KD tree algorithm，filtered using radius search method and rectangle algorithm，section point cloud can be segmented very quickly. (3 ) The under - over break area statistics based on polygon intersection algorithm，can be used to under - over break detection in a variety of tunnels. (4) The new method is characterized by reliable precision and wide universality， and can fulfill t!ie requirement of tunnel under - over break on construction stage.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 77-81 [Abstract] ( 2773 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (776 KB) ( 2506 )

	82	Optimization and Study of Allocation of Drill and Blast Excavation Equipment for High - speed Railway Tunnels
		ZHOU Rong
		Abstract : Research purposes : In recent years，more and more high - speed railway tunnels have been built in China. However，these high - speed railway tunnels are basically constructed by drill and blast method assisted by hand - held pneumatic drills and multi - purpose operation platforms. Such equipment allocation mode has the following disadvantages : high laborer working strength，poor working environment， requiring many laborers and high energy consumption. As the tunneling mechanization level develops，China Railway Corporation requires that long tunnels with Grade II and Grade III surrounding rocks taking a large proportion of the total must be constructed by mechanized means represented by heavy - duty equipment such as rock - drilling jumbos，so as to ensure the quality and safety of the high -speed railwaRtunnels. Research conclusions :( 1) For tunnels with 200 km/h train running speed or high - speed railway tunnels，the drill and blast excavation by one single rock - drilling jumbo can achieve the excavation speed matching the invert and lining construction speed (180 ?200m/month )，and it can meet the requirements of ChinaRailway Corporation on the distance between excavation and lining, therefore it is the best and most rational tunneling equipment allocation scheme. As the demographic dividend in China decreases and more and more rock - drilling jumbos are manufactured in China, the cost of drill and blast by hand - held pneumatic drills is increasing, while that by rock - drilling jumbos is reducing. In the near future, the cost of tunnel excavation by one single rock - drilling jumbo will be lower tlian that by hand - held pneumatic drills. (3) Due to the shortcomings of the rock - drilling jumbos, at present rock - drilling jumbos may cause overbreaks. However, after some modifications to the rock - drilling jumbos, they can meet the overbreak requirements of tunnel construction in China, which creates good conditions for the wide application of the rock - drilling jumbos. (4) Due to the application of the rock - drilling jumbos, the management of the project turns from managing the laborers to managing the equipment operation, which can minimize the errors, improve the works quality, reduce the number of the laborers worl^ing at the tunnel face, improve the site working environment and minimize the accident probability. The application of rock - drilling jumbos in tunneling is suitable for the tunneling market and the technological progress of the tunneling industry, and its social and economic significance will be improved step by step. (5 ) The research results can be applied to allocation of drill and blast excavation equipment for high - speed railway tunnels.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 82-87 [Abstract] ( 2716 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (942 KB) ( 2508 )

Urban Rail Construction

	88	Technical Study of a New Type of Steel Bar Truss Sleeper
		LIU Yu - xiang，GUAN Ji - bo，ZUO Yi - zhou，HUANG He – shan
		Abstract : Research purposes : In order to solve the inherent defects problems existing commonly in short sleeper and long sleeper ballasted track of urban rail transport，a new type of steel Tar truss sleeper is proposed through the study in this paper. On the basis of calculation and analysis in mechanics according to the experiences in high speed railway double block sleepers and combined With the actual situation of urban rail transport engineering，a reasonable types of steel bar truss sleeper structure dimensions and design technology requirements are put forward，which can provide the reference to the design of ballastless track in urban rail transport. Research conclusions:( 1 ) In order to adapt to the diferent manufacturing conditions， two types of steel bar tri^ss sleeper are studied and put forward: single tri^ss scheme and two tri^ss scheme. Single tri^ss scheme sleeper is applicable to the traditional sleeper fabrication techniques of urban rail transport，and the two tri^ss scheme sleeper is applicable to the new sleeper factory by a mechanized way manufacturing. ( 2 ) The structure of single truss sleeper structure is suggested as : a pair of reinforced concrete sleeper blocks are connected as a whole through a set of tri^ss composed of 3 main longitudinal bars and connecting bar (horizontal and vertical )，the steel truss is buried in sleeper block and not sticked out the bottom of the sleeper. ( 3 ) The structure of two tri^ss sleeper is suggested as ： a pair of reinforced concrete sleeper block are connected as a whole through two corrugated steel bar tri^sses. The upper parts of steel Tar truss is arranged in the sleepers，and the lower parts is out of the bottom of the sleepers. (4) The proposed size of sleeper block is: lengtli of 540 mm， upper width of 260 mm， lower width of 280 mm， height of 170 mm. It uses C50 reinforced concrete structure. (5) According to mechanics analysis， the structure of steel bar truss sleeper meet stress and deformation requirements under the effects of different loads. ( 6 ) The steel bar truss sleeper has been laid on a large scale in the line 7，9，11 of the third phase project of Shenzhen urban rail transport，which brings good effects. (7) The research results can be applied in unban rail transit projects.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 88-92 [Abstract] ( 2957 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (857 KB) ( 2470 )

	93	Numerical Simulation Analysis of Construction Behavior for Metro Triplet Tunnels with Extremely Small Spacing ^Hot!
		WAN Tao1，LIN Gang2，XI Shu - juan1
		Abstract:Research purposes: With the aim to study the construction behavior of triplet tunnels group with extremely small spacing，the construction progress was numerically simulated by finite diferential software FLAC3D. Based on the numerical simulation，the construction behavior characteristics such as the ground surface， crown settlements，failure area distribution of surrounding soils and the influence on the as - built tunnels from subsequent construction are presented. The construction scheme is also evaluated according to the numerical simulation and then optimizing suggestions are proposed. Research conclusions ：( 1) During the excavation of two side tunnels，the ground settlement presents W - shape and the settlement centers are located above the central lines of the side tunnels. While the middle tunnel is excavated using CRDmethod，the ground settlement above the middle tunnel is much greater than the ground settlements above the side tunnels and the final ground settlement trough shows some skewnes. (2) In the construction progress of triplet tunnels group with extremely small spacing， the failure area of surrounding soils has been continuous when the side tunnel construction is completed. Grouting reinforcement can effectively prevent the expansion of the failure area. (3) The influence on the primary support structures of constructed tunnels from subsequence construction is significantly greater at the entrance section with extremely small spacing. Especially the compressive stress increases greatly. ( 4) The numerical simulations results agreed with site monitoring data very well which proves the reliability of numerical simulation computation. (5 ) The research result can provide a reference for the design and construction control of similar projects.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 93-98 [Abstract] ( 2805 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1388 KB) ( 2494 )

	99	Research on the Method ofthe Determination ofStatic Lateral Pressure Coefficient in Tianjin Metro
		ZHAO Fu-jun
		Abstract : Research purposes : Static lateral pressure coefficient is indispensable important parameter in metro design， which can make the design measures properly With its accuracy，and it also can ensure the subway construction safety and economy. Relying on the geotechnical engineering practice in Tianjin metro, the access method and test data of the static lateral pressure coefficient are analyzed，the advantages and limitations of different means are summarized，and the appropriate metiiod of tiie static lateral pressure coefficient is discussed. Research conclusions :( 1 ) The flat dilatometer test ( DMT) is suitable for the shallow strata to obtain static lateral pressure coefficient，the lateral pressure test is generally larger，and laboratory test is smaller； (2) Any single way to obtain the data are not comprehensive and reliable， it must adopt a comprehensive method to determine reasonable design parameter； (3 ) The research results can provide reference and reference to obtain the soil static lateral pressure coefficient for t!ie subway of geotechnical investigation in Tianjin and similar areas.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 99-104 [Abstract] ( 2698 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (983 KB) ( 2482 )

	105	Several Common Problems in the Track System Drainage Desi^^n of Urban Rail Transit
		YANG Bao – feng
		Abstract:Research purposes： Drainage design is the main content of the track system design. Especially because of the limitation of the underground structure，there are many difficulty of track drainage design，so the practical drainage effectiveness is not very well. If the wastewater cannot be drained in time， it may affect the safeness of the tunnel structure，track structure and the electronic equipments， furthermore it may affect the normal line operation. The propose of this paper is to research how the tunnel leakage water，washing wastewater and the fire fighting wastewater can be discharged to the pumping station，and then the wastewater can be discharged to the municipal wastewater channel under the premise of ensuring the safety of the track structure by using the limited underground structure and the line longitudinal slope. Research conclusions:(1) Based on the experiences，lessons of other projects and foreign test results and application example of high speed railway in China，the track system design methods and treatment measures of wastewater pumping station and the open section in the fat slope station，switch machine pit and ballast bed are proposed. (2)The research result is mainly used to track system drainage disign of urban rail transit.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 105-108 [Abstract] ( 2721 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (868 KB) ( 2416 )

	109	Structural Arrangement andEconomic Researchonthe Double Deckedlsland - platform Subway Station ^Hot!
		LEI Chong
		Abstract : Research purposes : The investment of subway station construction accounts for about 60% of the total investment. Accordingly，reasonably controlling the investment of station construction is one of the keys to reduce the cost of urban rail transit project. Now，the box frame structure With longitudinal frame beam and transverse large span slab is generally used in underground island platform subway station， and the column grid can be designed as no column，single column and double column form. This paper，taking Wuhan metro as the background，studies reasonable structural layout scheme in mechanical behavior and economy by analyzing the economic index of diferent platform width and different column grid of double decked island - platform underground station. Research conclusions : Through the comparison，the following conclusions are drawn ： ( 1) The platform width of 10 ? 12 m in the form of single column and double spans is reasonable in mechanical behavior and economy. Also， the platform width of 13 ?15 m with double column and three spans is reasonable. (2) When the platform width is 13 m， the form of single column and double spans is the most optimal in economy，and also the station function significantly increased. So，when the condition is allowed，this form is recommended. (3) The research results can be widely used in the design and construction of urban rail transit underground station.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 109-114 [Abstract] ( 2688 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (971 KB) ( 2423 )

Engineering Economy and Management

	115	Research on the Integration Management of Railway Construction Survey and Design Project
		ZHENG Hong – bo
		Abstract:Research purposes: The railway construction survey and design project is critical factor of whole railway construction project. This paper builds an integration management model of railway construction survey and design project based on integration management concept. In this model， the survey and design project management was optimized in particij^ants，process and contril)uting factors. Research conclusions : It is very important to adopt integrated management method of railway construction survey and design projects : ( 1 ) Railway construction survey and design project management is a complex system engineering. Integrated management method should be used to build management system，which include the participants management， the process management and major elements management. ( 2 ) Participants integrated management includes classification and recognition about stakeholders of railway construction survey and design. Demand analysis and satisfaction evaluation about stakeholders is also needed. ( 3 ) Process integrated management includes analysis of the value chain， value - added process and optimal management strategy. (4) Major elements integrated management should determine the stage goal and total factor management goal. The dynamic control method should be designed based on goal of whole project. (5) This paper has reference value for railway construction survey and design institutions and railway construction companies.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 115-119 [Abstract] ( 2784 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (877 KB) ( 2452 )

	120	Analysis of Status and Strategy for the Patent Standardization in the Railway Engineering Construction Industry
		WANG Chun - fang
		Abstract : Research purposes : With the rapid development of science and technology and the acceleration of the economic globalization process， enterprise competition has turn from product competition to the patent and standard competition. As the standard essential patents bearing the universality of the standard，the authority and the advanced nature of the standard，and even the monopoly and other characteristics，they have become new means for technology monopoly and competition in the market. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the patent and standard in the railway construction industry，the paper puts forward the standardization strategy of railway industry patent，which is of great significance to the revision of standards in the railway construction engineering and plays a reference role in the implementation of 11 going out strategy". Research conclusions :( 1) At present，the process of patent standardization in railway construction industry is slow and only a few standard essential patents exist. ( 2 ) To achieve patent standardization， is a necessary demand for the national strategy，the technological development and the economic value. ( 3 ) To promote the standardization of patents， it is necessary to build a comprehensive core patent pool basing on the innovative platform of the enterjDrise $ the techno?logical innovation and the industrial intellectual property alliance; and also strengthen the patent portfolio as the patent standardization a goal in order to promote the core patent into the enterprise standards or the group standards，and gradually into industry standards or national standards. (4) 11 Technology - Patent - Standard "integration strategy has a guiding significance for the construction of the railway construction industry in our country，and is of great significance for the development of Chinas innovation，transformation and upgrading of enterprises，as well as the national 11 the Belt and Road Initiative" strategy implementation.
		2016 Vol. 33 (12): 120-125 [Abstract] ( 2810 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (892 KB) ( 2480 )