研究目的：在高速铁路线路测量中，由于线路长，常常跨越多个投影带，在统一坐标系中投影变形大，不能满足高速铁路测量精度的要求。针对这一问题，必须采取有效的约束条件和措施，使得长度变形小于1/40 000，从而满足铁路测量精度要求。
研究方法：本文从解决铁路测量坐标系中存在的长度变形出发，首先分析了高斯投影长度变形，然后提出了建立分段独立坐标系的方法，使其投影长度变形不大于1/40 000。
研究结果：文中给出了高速铁路测量建立独立坐标系的4种数学模型，有效的解决了在投影过程中长度变形问题。
研究结论：利用模型可以很好的解决投影变形对工程建设的影响，容易满足高速铁路测量精度要求，方便了工程施工测量，对高速铁路的建设有很好的实用性。若在铁路测量中应用，可极大地提高勘测精度，有着广阔的应用前景。
Research purposes: In high-speeding railway surveying, the integrated coordinate system is often across several projective zones because railway is too long, so its length deformation is too big to meet the requirements of railway surveying. Therefore, some necessary restricted measures should be taken to make the projection length deformation less than 1/40 000 in order to meet the requirement of accuracy for railway surveying.
Research methods: The cause for length deformation in the coordinate system for railway surveying is analyzed first in this paper, then the mathematical models of establishing a independent section coordinate system for solving the length deformation in the coordinate system are given in order to make the projection length deformation less than 1/40 000.
Research results: The four mathematical methods of establishing a independent section coordinate system presented in this paper can effectively solve the length deformation in the coordinate system.
Research Conclusions: Using four models can solve the length deformation in the coordinate system for railway surveying meet the need of engineering surveying be widely used in railway surveying in easily. The models are very useful to construction of high-speed railway and the future.
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