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| Safety Assessment of Tunneling Based on Surface Settlement Standard |
| ZHANG Ping-liang1, FANG Xin-xian1, ZHANG Yun-liang2, AN Yong-lin2 |
| 1. Zhejiang Huaheng Supervision and Consultant Co. Ltd of Communication, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; 2. Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410075, China |
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Abstract Research purposes：In order to assess the safety of surface settlement during construction of Liuyang River Tunnel, in this paper, the surface settlement standard was discussed from the views of rock stability, empirical formula and relative norms. The three-dimensional model was established by GTS to simulate construction using three bench method and two side-wall pilot method. The comparison of numerical simulation results with the in-site monitoring results was made as well.
Research conclusions：The standard of surface settlement for shallow tunnel is stricter than deep buried tunnel. The harder the rock is, the smaller the tunnel span is, the lower the side wall is and the smaller the allowable surface settlement is. Otherwise they are bigger and higher. The main influence factor is rock's property, and the secondary influence factor is tunnel span. Both three-bench method and two-side-wall pilot method can meet the requirements of the settlement safety. Considering the construction schedule, three-bench method is adopted. The data values of in-site monitoring are smaller than numerical simulation.
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Received: 09 March 2010
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2010, Vol. 27 
