研究目的：桥梁设计是一宗复杂的工程问题。导致钢筋混凝土桥梁结构构件产生裂缝的原因很多。其中，不合理的构件轮廓与钢筋设计，是萌生裂缝的主要原因之一。为了论证这个观点，特进行此研究。
研究方法：以国内3个钢筋混凝土桥梁为工程背景：(1)某主跨为40 m + 65 m + 40 m预应力混凝土连续梁桥，在施工阶段，主墩出现了裂缝。(2)某大跨度钢筋混凝土中承式公路拱桥，采用纵横梁体系，在施工阶段，横梁出现了裂缝。(3)华南地区某双幅斜拉桥主梁锚座轮廓的变更应用Super SAP软件的8节点等参单元，分别建立局部模型，进行应力计算。
研究结论：不合理的构件轮廓与钢筋设计，将导致构件拉应力增大，而且最大值部位恰好是现场构件开裂部位。显然，从计算应力值的角度可以诠释混凝土构件出现裂缝的原因，这就表明了除荷载以外，结构构件轮廓与钢筋设计对其计算应力的影响也是至关重要的。
Research purposes: It is one complex engineering problem for bridge structural design. There are many reasons for leading to crack turned up on reinforced concrete bridge structural components. Among them, both irrational components outline and reinforced concrete design were main reasons for crack turned up.
Research methods: For argument about this view point writer took three reinforced concrete bridges in her country as engineering background:(1) During construction, crack of one main span 40 m+65 m+40m prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge was found on main pier of the bridge. (2)During construction, some cracks of one large span reinforced concrete half-through highway arch bridge with both stringer and horizontal girder system were found on these horizontal girders.(3)The main beam anchor outline of one twin beams cable-stayed bridge in the south China area was changed. By 8-point isoperimetric element spatial analysis of Super SAP software, these local models were separately setup and we can carry on stress calculation as well as.
Research Conclusions: Both irrational components outline and reinforcement design lead to increase in tension of structural component and maximum stress seat just as the crack site of real component. Obviously, it can be explained production creak of concrete component from the angle of calculation stress. It is showed that it is important influence of both structural components outline and reinforced concrete design on their calculation stress besides loads.
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