研究目的:路基承载力、路堤稳定性及沉降是路基设计的三个主要控制指标，为了确保路基工程安全，设计时一般均应分析验算。但目前我国铁路及公路路基设计人员对路基是否应进行承载力验算还存在一定分歧。本文通过分析路基承载力与路堤稳定性及路基沉降之间的关系，探讨路基设计进行承载力验算的必要性。
研究结论:(1)圆弧法分析路堤稳定性偏于不安全，在路基承载力不满足要求的情况下也可得出路堤稳定的结论;(2)当荷载接近或超过路基极限荷载时，路基会发生较大的侧向变形，现有的沉降计算方法不再适用，路基承载力满足要求是路堤沉降计算公式的应用条件;(3)路基承载力满足设计要求是保证路堤稳定、控制路基沉降变形的前提条件，因此，在路基设计中应进行承载力验算;(4)本文的的研究结论可为进一步完善铁路及公路路基设计方法提供一定的理论依据。
Research purposes:In order to ensure the safety of railway or highway subgrade，roadbed bearing capacity， embankment stability and settlement which are the three main control index of subgrade design should be checked in theory. However, many railway and highway designers still have differences on whether roadbed bearing capacity should be checked in our country. Through analyzing the relationship among roadbed bearing capacity，stability and settlement of embankment, the necessity of checking roadbed bearing capacity is discussed in this paper.
Research conclusions:(1)Comparing with roadbed bearing capacity，circular arc method is more unsafe used to check the embankment stability.(2)The lateral displacement of roadbed will increase sharply when the load on roadbed approaches or exceeds roadbed bearing capacity，and the existing settlement calculation methods are no longer applicable. The application condition of settlement calculation methods is that the requirement of roadbed bearing capacity is met. ( 3)In order to ensure the stability of the embankment and control the settlement of embankment，the roadbed bearing capacity should be checked in the design of subgrade.(4)Conclusions of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the further improvement of subgrade design method.
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