研究目的:目前铁路客运专线采用AT上下行全并联供电模式，对保护可靠性及测距精度校核采用短路试验(人工制造短路点)进行。针对短路试验存在的破坏性及危险性，短路试验实施难度大，成本高，试验次数及灵活性受到限制，本文对利用机车负荷代替短路试验进行故障测距精度的原理及可行性进行分析，探索一种安全、可信的试验方案。
研究结论:通过研究得出以下结论:(1)机车负荷引起的电流分布比例与短路故障状态下电流分布比例一致，可利用机车负荷电流数值代替短路试验数据进行科学研究;(2)通过机车负荷计算出的修正系数可应用于测距装置的保护定值，进行实际故障点公里标计算;(3)丰富的实验数据可建立整条线路各区段T-R短路电流比曲线图，通过查表法确定故障点位置;(4)该技术可应用于新建或已投运的客运专线AT上下行全并联线路的测距精度校核和测距公式中修正参数标定工作。
Research purposes:Currently，railway passenger dedicated line adopts up and down AT all-paralleling feeding system，which uses short-circuit test(man-made short-circuit point ) to check its protection reliability and distance measurement accuracy. As the destructiveness and fatalness of the short-circuit test，it is very difficult to operate，the cost is very high，there are also limit for test times and flexibility. This paper analyzes the feasibility to adopt locomotive load monitoring and imitating short-circuit test to measure distance，to explore a safe and reliable test scheme.
Research conclusions ; The research proves that the locomotive load current distribution ratio is the same to the current distribution ration under short-circuit condition. So it is workable to make research with locomotive load current value instead of short-circuit parameters. The verified parameters calculated with locomotive load apply to the protective value of the failure distance and locate the actual failure point. Establish the T-R short-circuit ratio curve graph of each section of the whole line by using a large amount of data，and then confirm the failure point location by seeking table method. This technology could be applied to up and down all-paralleling AT feeding systems distance measurement accuracy verification and formulas of newly built and operational railway passenger dedicated line to verify parameters.
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