摘要:研究目的:随着高速及重载铁路的发展，路基沉降已成为列车运营安全控制要素,大量路基病害均与此 有关。本文通过铁路路基沉降病害特征、作用机理及沉降预测方法的研究，并对传统路基监测方法和三种新 型路基沉降监测方法（车载探地雷达监测技术、合成孔径雷达干涉技术和分布式布里渊光纤传感技术）进行 分析，为铁路路基沉降病害监测提供参考。 研究结论:（1）铁路路基沉降主要来自路基本体和地基两个方面，是在多种因素共同作用下产生的； (2)沉降预测方法主要是基于已有的监测数据,并处于不断发展的过程中；（3)传统的监测方法已不满足高 效、无损、实时的现代监测要求,新型监测方法基本满足要求，但仍存在一定的局限性；（4)在铁路路基沉降监 测方面，有向分布式光纤传感监测技术发展的趋势。

Abstract：Research purposes： Along with the development of the high - speed and heavy haul railway, subgrade settlement disease plays a key role in railway operation safety , which lots of subgrade diseases are relating to. This paper studies the characteristics and the action mechanism of railway subgrade settlement disease and the settlement prediction methods , analyzes the traditional subgrade settlement monitoring methods and three new subgrade settlement monitoring methods which contain vehicle - borne ground penetrating radar (Vehicle - borne GPR) monitoring technology , interfer ometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing technology ( BOTDR) , and provides a reference for railway subgrade settlement disease monitoring. Research conclusions:(1) Railway subgrade settlement is mainly from two aspects of road base and foundation，which is produced under the function of a variety of factors. (2) Settlement prediction methods are mainly based on the existing monitoring data , and still in the process of development. (3) Traditional monitoring methods cant meet the modem requirements of efficient , non - destructive and real - time. New monitoring methods can basically meet the requirement , but there are still some limitations. (4) The distributed monitoring system has become the trend of the subgrade settlement monitoring technology.