研究目的：埃塞俄比亚新建铁路Sebeta～Mieso段地处于东非大裂谷之中，在其经过的Fantale休眠火山坡脚平原地区，分布有许多爆炸式小型火山锥，也发育有数条穿越线路的地裂缝，隐伏于地下的火山岩空腔对铁路工程存在危害。通过收集区域地质资料，采用地质测绘、地球物理勘探及机械钻探综合勘察手段，查明本段火山岩空腔的空间分布规律，以正确评估火山岩空腔对铁路工程的影响程度，进而采取相应处理措施，确保工程安全稳定。
研究结论：1） Fantale火山及其坡脚平原地区是地壳板块运动活跃地段，也是第四系火山剧烈活动地段；（2）沿线分布的火山岩空腔类型有熔岩空腔、冲蚀空腔、地裂缝空腔，分别与岩浆活动、地壳活动、水动力活动密切相关；（3）沿线路基基底无影响稳定性的熔岩空腔，对影响铁路工程安全的地裂缝空腔、冲蚀空腔，提出了针对性整治处理的措施，增加费用可控；(4) 本研究结论可运用于火山岩分布地区各类工程的岩土工程勘察领域。
Abstract
Abstract
：Research purposes：Sebeta～Mieso section of the new Ethiopian railway is located in the Great Rift Valley, passing partly through the slope toe plains of Fantale dormant volcano, where a lot of small explosive volcanic cones are distributed and several developed ground fissures cross under the railway, the volcanic cavities concealed in the underground will endanger the safety of the railway works. Through the comprehensive ways of regional geological information collecting, geological investigation, geophysical prospecting and mechanical drilling in fieldwork, the distribution law of the volcanic cavities is found out to correctly evaluate the influence of cavities on the railway engineering, which is good for taking corresponding treatment measures to ensure the safety of the engineering.
Research conclusions：(1) Fantale volcano and plains region at the slope toe are the active district of the crustal plate and the quaternary volcano aggravating activity district. (2) Lava cavity, erosional cavity and ground fissure cavity are distributed along the railway. These cavities are closely related respectively to magmation, crustal motion and hydrodynamic activities. (3) There is no lava cavity existing underneath the subgrade. As for the ground fissure cavity and erosional cavity that endanger the safety of the railway engineering, the available treatment measures are put out for the cavities and the increasing expenditure is controllable.(4) This research conclusions can be applied to the geotechnical investigation field in volcanic activity region.
关键词
火山岩空腔 /
形成机理 /
处理措施
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Key words
Key words: volcanic cavity /
formation mechanism /
treatment measures
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参考文献
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［3］TB 10038—2001，铁路工程特殊岩土勘察规程［S］ .
TB 10038—2001，Code for Special Soil and Rock Investigation of Railway Engineering ［S］.
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