研究目的:本文在解读铁路和城市轨道交通相关的噪声排放标准、声环境质量标准和声环境相关监测方 法标准基础上，通过分析噪声排放标准、声环境质量标准及其测量方法的技术和应用要点，对标准量、测量量、 预测量、评价方法进行对照比较;根据环境噪声污染防治法和地面交通噪声污染防治技术政策，说明建设单 位、规划部门和环保行政主管部门在执行噪声排放标准、声环境质量标准时应负的法定责任和义务，并提出适 用于铁路和城市轨道交通的噪声防治措施原则与要求。
研究结论:(1)运用噪声排放标准和声环境质量标准进行环评时，应正确理解标准的适用对象和条件，噪 声源评价应采用噪声排放标准，而不是声环境质量标准;(2)铁路和城市轨道交通噪声按标准规定各测量昼、 夜间1h的测量值，反映了其在正常工作时间内排放噪声的影响，是其排放噪声的评价量和对标量;(3)依法 区分排放标准和环境质量标准进行管理，符合噪声排放标准是建设单位的法定责任与义务，声环境质量标准 是规划和环保部门声环境管理的依据和法定责任;(4)环评提出的噪声防治措施应考虑措施的效能和环境保 护要求或目标的-致性;(5)该研究成果可为铁路和轨道交通声环境影响评价和噪声治理提供参考。
Research purposes:Standard value，measured value，predicted value and evaluation method are compared in this article，on the basis of analysis of noise emission standards for railway and urban rail transit，environmental quality standard for noise and specifications for noise monitoring，as well as their technology and application essentials. In accordance with Law on Prevention and Control of Pollution from Environmental Noise，and Ground Traffic Noise Pollution Control Technology Policy， the legal liabilities and obligations for developer，planning division and administration division of environmental protection are illustrated to implement noise emission standard and environmental quality standard. Meanwhile，principles and requirements are proposed，which are applicative for railway and urban rail transit noise prevention and control measures.
Research conclusions:(1)For noise emission standard and environmental quality standard， their applicable objects and conditions shall be correctly understood during EIA. The former should be adopted in noise source assessment，instead of the latter.(2)Measured value for one hour respectively in daytime and nighttime，stipulated by specifications，is the evaluation index and contrast value for noise emission，which reflects the impact of railway and urban rail transit during their normal working hours.(3)Emission standard and quality standard shall be distinguished and governed by law. It is the legal liability for developer to meet noise emission standard，while environmental quality standard for noise is an administration basis and legal liability for planning and environmental protection divisions.(4)Noise prevention and control measures proposed in EIA should keep consistency between their efficiency and environmental protection requirements.(5)The research results can provide reference for the noise EIA and noise prevention and control on railway and urban rail transit.
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