摘要：研究目的：船桥碰撞时有发生，往往引起桥梁结构、使用寿命、安全性等损失，严重的更会造成桥毁人亡 等灾难性后果，预防桥梁免遭船舶撞击这一问题已成为具有广泛意义的国际性课题，日益引起各国政府、学 者、工程界的关注。通航河道上的桥梁要有抵御船只撞击的能力，桥梁设计规范采用等效静力设计荷载并考 虑船只对桥梁撞击的动力作用。本文用碰撞单元模拟船-桥的碰撞过程，采用ANSYS有限元软件建立空间 梁单元，模拟桥梁的梁、墩、桩，研究采用铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)隔震措施的桥梁受到船舶正向撞击的整体响应， 为工程设计中提高桥梁在船桥碰撞事故中的抗撞性、安全性提供科学依据。 研究结论：( 1)本文采用线性黏质阻尼考虑碰撞过程中的能量损失，计算的撞击力是基于完全弹性碰撞 模型计算值的80;左右；（2)铅芯橡胶支座（LRB)对船舶撞击桥梁起到“隔震”作用，降低了上部结构的响 应，本文算例的“隔震”率在70;以上，尤其保护了桥梁上部结构；（3)该研究成果可为规定河流航道中船舶 的航速、操作规程，桥梁的设计、建设，桥墩的防撞结构设计等提供依据。

Abstract ： Research purposes ： The ship - bridge collision happens sometimes，which usually causes the damage of the bridge structure，service life and the security，even some catastrophic consequences like bridge collapse and death. According to accident investigation and analyses，it has been one of the tough questions in bridge engineering that ship - bridge collision may probably destroy the bridge. The data from America and all over the world shows 10; bridges were destroyed by ship collision. And it is predicted that the percentage will become bigger in the future. Thus，preventing bridge from ship collision becomes an international issue，and gets more and more attention from governments，scholars and engineering. Bridge structures must be capable of resisting ship and barge collision loads， and bridge design specifications employ equivalent static design loads due to vessel impact as an alternative to conducting fully dynamic impact analyses. To study dynamic responses of whole bridge installed lead rubber bearing( LRB) to barge impact，the ANSYS finite element code is presented in this paper. In the finite element model，barge - bridge collision process is simulated by impact element，and components of bridge，such as beam，pier and pile，are modeled by spatial beam elements. Therefore， a scientific basis is provided to improve the ability of anti - collision and safety in bridge engineering design. Research conclusions ：( 1) In this paper，linear viscous damping is considered the energy loss while impacting between barge and bridge. Results indicate that impact loads calculated by this paper method are about 80; of values which are based on full perfect elasticity collision model. (2) Lead rubber bearing can prevent impact energy transmitting from impacted pier to superstructure of bridge, which reduce the superstructure responses. In this paper, the isolation - rate of example is more than 70;. (3 ) It provides a basis for the ship speed and operation, the design and constructing of ship beam and pier, even for solving some maritime disputes.