摘要：研究目的：随着高铁建设的快速发展，长大隧道的空气动力学问题越来越突出，迫切需要形成缓冲结构 设计的标准流程和方法。本文总结当前高铁隧道缓冲结构结构型式研发及优化的成果，并针对长大隧道微压 波放大效应问题开展动力学效应现场测试，分析不同列车时速及隧道长度条件下隧道内压力梯度激化效果， 综合考虑隧道环境、既有洞内横通道等因素的影响，提出高速铁路隧道缓冲结构设计方法和流程，对实现高速 铁路隧道缓冲结构设计标准化具有重要意义。 研究结论：(1)高速铁路缓冲结构设计应根据隧道长度采取不同的设计流程，当隧道长度不大于3 km 时，可不考虑微压波放大效应的影响，当隧道长度大于3 km时，应考虑微压波放大效应的影响；（2 )利用隧道 内斜井、横通道（防灾救援通道)作为缓解隧道内空气动力学效应的辅助措施时，应考虑横通道位置对计算隧 道出口微压波的非线性影响；（3)本研究成果可为高速铁路隧道缓冲结构的工程设计与实践提供借鉴和参 考。

Abstract ： Research purposes ： With the rapid development of high - speed railway construction，aerodynamic effects induced by high - speed train entering a tunnel are becoming more and more serious especially for long tunnels，and it is an urgent need to build standard for the design of buffer structures. In order to present a design method of high - speed railway tunnel buffer structures，the results of various research and optimization forms of the buffer structures were summerized，the in - site experiment on the propagation and amplification rules of tunnel pressure gradients was carried out，and the influence of the tunnel environment and existing cross passage were taken into account. The research will play an important role in realization of standardized design of high - speed railway tunnel buffer structures. Research conclusions ：( 1) Design of high - speed railway tunnel buffer strictures should take different calculation path according to the length of tunnels，it is recommended that amplification effects should be calculated if the length of tunnel is greater than 3 kilometer， otherwise，it can be ignored. ( 2 ) Nonlinear influence induced by the position of tunnel cross passage( slope) should be noticed when it is used as a measure to reduce the tunnel aerodynamic effects. (3 ) Results of this research can offer references to engineering design and practice of high - speed railway tunnel buffer structures.