Abstract:Research purposes : To increase train axle load is an effective means to improve the rail transportation efficiency and has become the development direction of heavy haul rail freight in the world. In order to perfect the design technology of heavy haul railway subgrade and strengthening measures of roadbed structure of our country, and coordinate the 11 going abroad" development strategy of China railway technology,this paper checked and calculated the heavy haul railway subgrade structure under the condition of large axle load based on the strength and deformation control standards on the basic of the analysis of structural types of haul railway subgrade in Oman and Australia,and discussed the strengthening measures of surface layer of subgrade. Research conclusions :( 1 ) The subgrade structure of haul railway in Oman and Australia can meet the strength and deformation requirements under the current train load conditions,but the structure strength and anti-deformation capacity of subgrade bed should be improved with the increase of axle load. (2) Aiming at the potential deterioration problem of subgrade bed service performance under the conditions of 40 t axle weight and adverse water environment, the optimization recommendation of strengthening measures of surface layer of subgrade that use the asphalt concrete which have high strength and good water preventing ability combined with graded broken stone is put forward. (3) The calculating analysis method on the structure intensity and deformation suitable for heavy haul railway subgrade under large axle load has guiding significance to the improvement of design and technical standard of heavy haul railway subgrade of our country.