研究目的:随着众多高速铁路线路投入运营,沿线噪声污染所引发的环境问题越来越多。对于运营线路,在轨道上设置吸声板可不改变桥梁、路基线路结构且具有一定的降噪效果,这是治理此类噪声污染问题的一个有效思路。在吸声材料的声学性能一定的基础上,通过改变轨道吸声板的结构参数可对其降噪效果产生影响。为此,本文应用SYSNOISE软件建立列车-轨道-吸声板结构的二维边界元模型,研究影响轨道吸声板降噪效果的结构参数。根据高速铁路列车通过时的声源特性选取源强,主要针对轨道吸声板的设置范围、尺寸以及吸声板的表面结构情况等因素,分析其对轮轨区噪声的降噪效果。
研究结论:(1)在仅考虑轮轨区噪声的情况下,铺设吸声板对轮轨区噪声的降噪效果约为1~3 dB;(2)增大吸声板安装于轨道板上的厚度以及对吸声板的表面结构进行处理,均可以改善吸声板的降噪效果;(3)铺设表面开槽吸声板所产生的降噪效果较好;(4)在钢轨外侧设置吸声板可以提高吸声板的整体吸声降噪效果;(5)本文计算结果可供轨道降噪措施设计参考。
Abstract
Research purposes: As many high-speed railway lines are put into operation, environmental problems caused by noise pollution along the route are increasing. For the railway lines in operation, reliable sound-absorbing panels on the track has a certain noise reduction effect which does not change the structure of railway bridge or subgrade, and this is an effective way to deal with this kind of noise pollution problems. On the basis of certain acoustic properties of sound absorbing materials, the effect of noise reduction can be affected by changing the structural parameters of the sound-absorbing panels. So a two-dimensional boundary element model including train, track and sound-absorbing panels has been established with the software SYSNOISE to evaluate structural parameter effects of the sound-absorbing panels on noise reduction in this article. The noise source is determined according to its characteristics during the passage of high-speed train. The influence of several factors of the sound-absorbing panels, such as installing area, size and the surface structure, on the wheel/rail noise reduction has been analyzed.
Research conclusions: (1) The installation of sound-absorbing panels on track can reduce about 1~3 dB if only wheel/rail noise is taken into consideration. (2) Increasing the thickness and optimizing the surface structure of the sound-absorbing panel contribute to the noise reduction effects. (3) Grooved surface of sound-absorbing panels has a great effect on noise reduction. (4) Setting sound-absorbing panels on the outside of the rail can also improve the whole noise reduction effects. (5) The results of this paper can be an important reference for the design of track noise reduction measures.
关键词
高速铁路 /
轨道吸声板 /
降噪效果 /
边界元法 /
仿真分析
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Key words
high-speed railway /
sound-absorbing panels /
noise reduction effects /
boundary element method /
simulation analysis
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中图分类号:
U214.5
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