研究目的：铁路轨距杆是通过杆件将两根钢轨连接起来的轨道设备,可有效提升轨道的横向稳定性及轨道保持轨距的能力,是保证列车行车安全的重要轨道设备。本文通过系统调研、梳理我国铁路轨距杆的使用情况,分析现有轨距杆的问题,通过解析新规范《铁路轨距杆》TB/T 1780—2023的编制原则和编制思路,分析研究新规范中轨距杆关键部件优化、关键指标提升措施,对《铁路轨距杆》TB/T 1780—2023的修订进行系统解析。
研究结论：（1）我国轨距杆分为普通轨距杆和绝缘轨距杆,对应的规范分别为《普通轨距杆》TB/T 1780—1986、《绝缘轨距杆技术条件》TB/T 2492—2004;（2）现有轨距杆产品存在杆件弯折、铁卡断裂、套筒与轨底干涉、绝缘可靠度差等问题,亟需对产品技术指标进行优化以满足使用单位的需求;（3）结合我国重载铁路的快速发展,75 kg/m钢轨建议采用直径为38 mm的杆件,其抗拉性能检验荷载建议采用350 kN;（4）铁卡材质建议优化为QT450-10,杆体材质建议优化为45号钢,绝缘材料的厚度不应小于5 mm,杆体标准长度等建议结合工程实际需求设计;（5）本文系统梳理了轨距杆原规范及既有产品的使用情况,对《铁路轨距杆》规范修订进行了研究,可为我国铁路轨道加强部件的研究与产品设计提供参考。
Abstract
Research purposes: The railway gauge rod can improve the railway track's horizontal stability, enhance the ability to control the gauge, and ensure operation safety by connecting two rails through a gauge rod. This paper systematically investigated and summarized the application of railway gauge rod products, and analyzed problems of current products designed according to current codes. By interpreting the principles and thoughts of new codes, TB/T 1780—2023, Railway Gauge Rod, the improvements in terms of parts, and critical indicators were presented. The revision of the code was summarized.
Research conclusions: (1) There are two types of railway gauge rods, general railway gauge rods and insulated gauge rods. The corresponding codes are TB/T 1780—1986 General Railway Gauge Rod and TB/T 2492—2004 Technical Specification for Insulated Gauge Rods. (2) Current railway gauge rods have problems including the bending of rods, the cracking of clips, the interference of sleeves and rails, the weak insulation performance, etc. It is necessary to improve critical indicators for the users. (3) With the rapid development of the heavy-haul railway, the rod for 75 kg/m rail is suggested with a radius of 38 mm, and 350 kN is adopted for the test load of tensile strength. (4) QT450-10 is suggested for the steel clips and #45 Steel is suggested for the rods. The minimum thickness of insulation is suggested to be 5 mm. The length of the rod should be designed according to practical use. (5) This paper systematically analyses current codes and products for railway gauge rods and summarizes the revision process, which could be design references for future railway track reinforcement products.
关键词
铁路轨道 /
轨道加强部件 /
轨距杆 /
抗拉性能 /
绝缘性能
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Key words
railway track /
track reinforcement products /
gauge rod /
tensile property /
insulating property
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中图分类号：
TU443
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参考文献
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TB/T1780—2023, Railway Gauge Rod[S].
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TB/T1780—1986, General Railway Gauge Rod[S].
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TB/T2492—2004, Technical Specification for Insulated Gauge Rods[S].
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脚注
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基金
国家铁路局2021年铁路技术标准项目计划（21T014）
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