研究目的:黄土高原地区铁路建设在推动经济发展的同时,对区域土地利用及脆弱生态造成显著影响。为探讨铁路建设对黄土高原土地利用的影响,本文通过太中银铁路建成前后景观指数变化确定铁路建设沿线的关键干扰范围,并基于此对干扰区内土地利用类型和生态风险动态变化进行归纳。
研究结论:(1)铁路沿线3 km内景观格局显著变化,特别是铁路建设期间,斑块形态趋于简单集中,景观破碎化加剧、多样性提升;(2)铁路显著干扰范围内土地利用变化强度大、速度快、变化程度高,区域开发强度在铁路建设及运营阶段逐步加大;(3)显著干扰范围内,生态风险指数(ERI)在铁路建设期显著增加、高风险区域快速扩展;铁路运营期间生态风险趋于稳定,但部分高风险区域仍然持续存在,反映出铁路建设与运营对生态环境的长期影响;(4)本研究结果可为黄土高原地区铁路规划与建设中的生态保护提供科学依据,强调发展与保护之间寻求平衡的重要性。
Abstract
Research purposes: The construction of railways in the Loess Plateau region, while promoting economic development, has significantly impacted land use and the fragile ecosystem of the area. By analyzing changes in landscape indices before and after the construction of Taiyuan-Zhongwei-Yinchuan Railway, this study aims to determine the key disturbance range along the railway and summarize the dynamic changes in land use types and ecological risks within the disturbance zone.
Research conclusions: (1) Significant changes in the landscape pattern were observed within 3 kilometers of the railway, particularly during the construction period, with patches becoming simpler and more concentrated, increased landscape fragmentation, and enhanced diversity. (2) Within the significant disturbance range, the intensity, speed, and extent of land use changes were substantial, with regional development intensity gradually increasing during both the construction and operation phases of the railway. (3) The Ecological Risk Index (ERI) within the significant disturbance range increased notably during the construction phase, with high-risk areas expanding rapidly; During the operation phase, ecological risks stabilized, but some high-risk areas persisted, indicating the long-term impact of railway construction and operation on the ecological environment. (4) The research results can provide scientific evidence for ecological protection in railway planning and construction in the Loess Plateau region, emphasizing the importance of balancing development and conservation.
关键词
铁路建设 /
黄土高原 /
缓冲区 /
土地利用/覆被变化 /
生态风险指数
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Key words
railway construction /
Loess Plateau /
buffer zone /
land use/land cover change /
Ecological Risk Index
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中图分类号:
P901
U212
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脚注
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基金
山西省自然科学基金青年项目(202203021222125)
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