Research conclusions:The intercity railway is different than the other traffic modes and itmainly satisfies the travel demand of intercity passenger. There are lots of the influencing factors on intercity railway construction, mainly composes of internal factors and external factors. The internal factors include the traffic demand of intercity passenger,regional economic development leve,l urbanization process and development levelof the other traffic modes. The external factors include resource and environment benefits, passenger service quality, investment and financing modes and socially public welfare benefits. The intercity railway construction is a system aticalproject restrained bymany factors. So the comprehensive factors should be considered when making the decision to construct the intercity railway.