Abstract：Research purposes: In order to explore the formation collapse caused by tunnel lining damage and sand leakage in the sand gravel layer above the groundwater level, this paper studies the influence law of influencing factors such as pebble particle content and soil thickness on formation collapse and sand burst disaster through a set of self-designed visual test device for underground engineering sand leakage which can control the size of circular leakage, and obtains the influence range of soil collapse and the vertical shape curve of settlement profile under different working conditions, so as to explore the sand migration law and arching mechanism in the sand burst disaster. Research conclusions: (1) The test results show that when the thickness span ratio is greater than 11.1, the soil does not collapse. When the thickness span ratio is greater than 4 and less than 11.1, and the pebble particle content is greater than the critical pebble particle content, the soil only collapses but does not collapse. When the thickness span ratio is less than this value, the soil will collapse. When the thickness span ratio is less than 4, the soil will collapse regardless of the pebble particle content. (2) The sand breaking process can be roughly divided into four stages: initial stage, penetration stage, diameter expansion stage and stability stage. (3) Under the condition of fixed pebble content and leakage diameter, the influence range of collapse and the depth of collapse center increase with the increase of soil thickness; The collapse induced by circular leakage is circular on the plane, approximately conic on the section and funnel-shaped on the facade. (4) The collapse range of soil after sand break is related to the shape failure angle of the failure surface, which is 18° larger than the natural repose angle of soil. (5) The research results of this paper can provide guidance for disaster control and prevention of similar tunnel projects.
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2022, Vol. 39 
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