摘要研究目的: 小型养路机械是保障线路状态处于完好状态的必备作业设备，我国的小型养路机械整体技术水平与国外同类先进设备有差距。在铁路大发展的背景下，我国小型养路机械亟待同步发展。本文以 YZ －QⅠ型液压直轨器为例，说明如何从产品的功能原理、外观设计、结构改良及性能检验几个方面考虑，确保研制产品的实用性、新颖性、轻型便携性以及性能可靠性，为我国同类小型养路机械设计与性能检验提供借鉴与指导。
研究结论: 直轨器的液压工作原理直接影响产品的工作性能，结构设计与改良直接影响了产品的实用性和轻便性，外观设计直接影响了产品的新颖性，性能检验方法的科学性直接影响产品的工作可靠性。合理设计与结构改良研制出的 YZ － QⅠ型直轨器的结构简单紧凑、轻巧、工作安全可靠、速度快、承载力大、检修方便，在同类产品中有较明显的优势。
Abstract：Research purposes: Small － sized track maintenance machinery is the device to guarantee the good track state，and there is gap in the integral technology level between the small － sized track maintenance machinery in China and in foreign countries． Taking the YZ － Q type hydraulic rail straightener as an example，this paper illustrate how to ensure the the product ＇s practicability，novelty and portability on consideration of the product ＇s functional principle，appearance design，structure improvement and performance test for the purpose of providing the reference to the machinery design and performance test of the small － sized track maintenance machinery in China．
Research conclusions: For the great railways development，it is urgent to improve the small － sized track maintenance machinery in China． The hydraulic working principle of the rail straightener directly affects product performance，the structure design and the improvement have a direct impact on product availability and portability，the appearance design has a direct impact on product novelty，and the science of the performance test method directly affects the reliability of the product． The YZ － Q I － type rail straightener developed by reasonable design and structural improvement has the features of simple and compact structure，lightweight，safety，reliability，high speed，large load bearing capacity and convenient maintenance，and it is better than the similar products．
Zhang Hao． Fourth Survey and Design Institute of Morcalculation on Length of Parking Lines For Large － scale Track Maintenance Machine Railcar Unit ［J］． Journal of Railway Engineering，2000( 12) : 25 － 31．
2012, Vol. 29 
版权所有 © 2014 《铁道工程学报》编辑部