物探技术在活动性断裂勘察的方法研究

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摘要研究目的:活动断层能引起多种自然灾害，如地震、砂土液化等地震灾害和断错、地裂缝等地质灾害。因此，研究活断层的勘察方法对于铁路建设防灾减灾而言显得尤其重要。为减轻活断层灾害和确保工程安全，物探先行，在铁路勘测阶段，通过对活动性断裂及其勘探方法进行系统的分析研究，提高勘察质量，查明沿线活动性断裂的空间分布及其延伸情况，为活动断裂工程评价铁路选线、工程设计等提供依据。本文结合胶新铁路和京沈客专等勘察项目，研究物探技术在活动性断裂勘察中所发挥的作用。研究结论:(1)物探采用地震映像法、密点距电测深可有效地查明活动性断裂的浅部位置分布；(2)采用地震反射可查清中、深部断裂发育延伸情况及特征；(3)采用测氡法既可查明由活动断层引起的地裂缝在近地表的分布情况，又可对断裂的活动性进行分析评价；(4)本文研究结论可为同类活动性断裂和地裂缝勘察提供借鉴。

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	郝明
	刘黎东
	周学明

关键词 ：活动性断裂, 地裂缝, 密点距电测深, 测氡法, 地震反射, 大地电磁法, 综合物探技术

Abstract：Active faults can cause a variety of natural disasters, the earthquake disasters like earthquake, sand liquefaction and the geological disasters like dislocation, ground fissure. So, the research of active faults is very important to prevent and reduce natural disasters. For the purpose of reducing the active faults disaster and ensuring the project safety, through the study of the active faults and the survey methods, geophysical workers must find out the spatial distribution and extension of the active faults to provide the basis for evaluation of seismic risk, geological hazard assessment and railway location in the new railway survey. This paper, combining with Jiaozhou-Xinyi railway and Beijing-Shenyang passenger dedicated railway survey project, researches the effect of geophysical technology in active faults survey.Research conclusions:(1) By using seismic imaging method and dense point electric sounding the geophysical workers could find out the distribution of active faults near-surface.(2) By using seismic reflection the geophysical workers could find out the extending circumstances and characteristics of active faults in the medium-deep.(3) By using radon measurement the geophysical workers could find out the distribution of the ground fissure near-surface, and evaluate activity of the active faults.(4) The research results could provide reference for study of the same class active faults and ground fissure.

Key words： active faults ground fissure dense point electric sounding radon measurement seismic reflection magnetotelluric method comprehensive geophysical prospecting method

收稿日期: 2014-03-12

PACS:

U213.1

作者简介: 郝明，1955年出生，男，教授级高级工程师。

引用本文:

郝明，刘黎东，周学明. 物探技术在活动性断裂勘察的方法研究[J]. 铁道工程, 2014, 31(10): 11-14.
HAO Ming, LIU Li -dong, ZHOU Xue-ming. The Methods Study of the Geophysical Technology in Active Faults Survey. 铁道工程, 2014, 31(10): 11-14.

链接本文:

http://tdgcxb.crec.cn/CN/ 或 http://tdgcxb.crec.cn/CN/Y2014/V31/I10/11

[1] 郝明,李志华. 物探技术在越岭隧道选线中所发挥的作用[J]. 铁道工程学报,2011(8):13-17.
Hao Ming,Li Zhihua. Function of Geophysical Technology in Cross-Mountain tunnel Route Selection [J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2011(8):13-17.
[2] 郝明,董晨.有源无源大地电磁在玄武岩覆盖区长大隧道发挥的作用[J]. 工程地球物理学报,2009(S1):46-48.
Hao Ming, Dong Chen, Influence of MT With Source and without Source in Long and Big Tunnels with Basalt Buried[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2009(S1):46-48.
[3] 郝明,许广春,郭志强. 高寒区铁路工程物探作业的研究与实践[J]. 铁道工程学报,2010(10):15-19.
Hao Ming,Xu Guangchun,Guo Zhiqiang. Research and Practice of Geophysical Exploration for Railway in Cold Area [J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2010(10):15-19.
[4] 郝明,董晨. 牡绥线初测综合物探[J]. 铁道勘察,2008(6):67-71.
Hao Ming, Dong Chen. Integrated Geophysical Prospecting for Preliminary Surveying of Mudanjiang-Suifenhe Railway[J]. Railway Investigation and Surveying,2008(6):67-71.
[5] 李志华. 路基稳定性无损检测方法技术研究[J]. 铁道工程学报,2007(2):28-31.
LI Zhihua. Research on the Method of Subgrade Stability None-damaged Testing[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2007(2):28-31.
[6] 郝明,李玮,郭志强. 采用物探技术进行路基挡土墙质量检测的研究与应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,2003(3):440-444.
Hao Ming, Li Wei, Guo Zhiqiang. Physical Prospecting Used to Test the Quality of Retaining Walls in Roadebed Project[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2003(3):440-444.
[7] 许再良,李国和,李翔. 沂沭断裂带区域工程地质与铁路选线勘察 [M]. 北京:地质出版社,2008.
Xu Zailiang, Li Guohe, Li Xiang. Investigation of the Railway Line Selection and Engineering Geology in Yishu Fault Zone Region[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2008.
[8] 郝明,杜彦军. 沂沭高烈度地震区选线综合物探 [J]. 铁道勘察,2014(2):84-86.
Hao Ming. Du Yanjun. Application of Comprehensive Geophysical Exploration Technique to Select Railway Routes in Yishu a High-intensity Earthquake Area[J]. Railway Investigation and Surveying,2014(2):84-86.
(编辑曹淑荣)