研究目的:针对高速铁路无砟轨道工程项目高架路段长、测量精度要求高的特点，经过充分的理论分析 研究,通过采用不量取仪器高和棱镜高的三角高程测量新方法,来解决客运专线施工阶段,桥上轨道梁精调髙 程控制网与地面勘测高程控制网联测带来的困难。
研究结论:新方法既结合了水准测量任意设站的特点,又可在测量过程中消除因量取仪器高和棱镜高引 起的误差根源,方便可行、测量速度快，很好地解决了客运专线施工阶段，桥上轨道梁精调高程控制网与地面 勘测高程控制网联测带来的困难。采用合适的测角和测距精度的全站仪,在一定距离（≤60 m)和一定垂直 角（≤20°)的条件下,从地面高程控制网引测至高架桥上轨道梁精调高程控制网的测量精度,能够满足高架 桥上轨道梁高程定位精度（±1.0 mm)要求，比传统的三角高程测量精度更高，甚至可达到二等水准测量的 要求。 研究目的:通过研究对比东京、巴黎、伦敦等典型世界城市扩展和市郊铁路和城际铁路发展的历史和经验,找到我国许多城市存在交通拥堵、环境污染等问题的重要原因是没有建立以轨道交通为骨干的公共交通体系,城市结构不合理,二者都与市郊铁路和城际铁路规划和发展严重滞后有关。本文呼吁扭转有些城市“先城内地铁后城外市郊铁路和城际铁路”的思想,在重视市内地铁、轻轨规划建设的同时,及早规划和建设 市郊铁路及城际铁路。
研究结论:(1)市郊铁路除提供交通运输服务外,更重要作用是支撑城市人口、资源、产业聚集和扩散,引导和支撑城市布局、结构调整优化,与城市发展互相促进;(2)东京、巴黎、伦敦等城市市郊铁路先于地铁出现和发展,线路长度占市域铁路总长的约90%;(3)市郊应尽量通过或伸人市中心,与地铁有机衔接;(4)我国城市以轨道交通为骨干的公共交通系统建设滞后,市郊铁路及城际铁路更滞后;(5)我国有些城市规划单条地铁过长、地铁总量过大,而市郊铁路规划过少,轨道线网结构不合理;(6)我国城市要借鉴巴黎等世界城市 特别要借鉴东京的有益经验,抓紧补齐市郊铁路及城际铁路建设的短板。
Research purposes ： After the adequate theoretical analysis and study of the features that long aerial parts and high accuracy of measurement are required in the ballastless high way engineering project，a new method of trigonometric leveling without the height of equipment together with the prism is presented in this paper, and this method can solve the difficult of surveying between railway girder precision adjustment in vertical control network above the bridge and ground vertical control network during the construction of the passenger dedicated line.
Research conclusions ： This new method not only contains the free stationing feature of leveling but also eliminates the error by virtue of the height measuring of the equipment and the prism during surveying with high feasibility and efficiency. It is proved this is a good way to solve the problem between railway girder precision adjustment in vertical control network above the bridge and ground vertical control network during construction. Comparative analysis is made in this paper to prove the new method is much more superior than that of traditional trigonometric leveling. The precision can satisfy second - order leveling under observation conditions of suitable distance( ≤60 m) and suitable vertical angle (≤20°) if a suitable Total Station is used.
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