摘要:研究目的:作为铁路轨道随机不平顺状态的宏观体现，轨道不平顺功率谱密度函数是分析和评价轨道平 顺状态和指导轨道养护维修的有效手段，也是设计和评估机车车辆、轨道、桥梁等结构物动力性能的重要输人 激励，对于轨道不平顺谱的研究一直受到国内外铁路研究和管理机构的高度重视。研究结论:（1)本文对国内外典型轨道谱的拟合公式及参数、波长范围及适用的速度等级进行了细致地 回顾和总结，在此基础上，指出了我国在轨道不平顺谱研究方面的不足以及应当进一步重点研究的问题；通过补充典型线路轨道谱标准的制定，扩展轨道谱覆盖的波长范围，尤其是高速铁路1 m以下高低短波 谱，可使我国建立较为完善的轨道谱标准体系；（3)利用轨道谱研究轨道不平顺在频域的演变规律及相应的 轨道谱限值，对于线路几何状态养护维修以及轨道随机不平顺幅值和谱限值的合理制定均有重要工程价值。

Abstract: Research purposes: As the general representation of random track irregularity geometrical state，the power spectral density (PSD) of track irregularity is not only an effective approach to analyze and evaluate track smoothness, guide track maintenance and reparation, but also an important input excitation to design and assess the dynamical performance of vehicle, track, bridge and other structures. Corresponding study on track irregularity PSD is highly focused by the research and management organizations at home and abroad. Research conclusions ： ( 1 ) This paper reviews and summarizes the fitting formulas and their parameters, wavelength ranges, applicative speed classes of typical track irregularity PSDs at home and abroad in detail. On this basis, the shortcomings and problems that should be further researched for the study of track irregularity PSD in China are pointed out. (2) A thorough track irregularity PSD standard system can be built, through the complement of track irregularity PSD of typical railway lines and the extension of track irregularity PSD wavelength range, especially the short wavelength PSD of longitudinal level for high - speed railway. (3 ) Investigating the evolution law of track irregularity in the frequency domain and the corresponding PSD limit by means of track irregularity PSD, has significant engineering value for the maintenance of track geometry state and the rational formulation of track irregularity amplitude and PSD limits.