Research conclusions： (1)Through the comparison and analysis of the local economic developments，transportation development and railway transportation before and after railway construction，the Chongqing—Huaihua Railway in general has met the requirement of the local social and economic developments and building the railway is a wise decision-making.(2)From the antecedent view，the Chongqing—Huaihua Railway was not built on full consideration of the traffic demand．It would be more reasonable to build the railway in the earlier five years．From the advanced view，the more social resources would be saved if double line was built for one time．(3)After opening to traffic for two years，lots of defaults are exposed，such as being insufficient of equipments and carrying capacity，passenger station faraway from towns and the not closely matching with the local planning．All these indicate that the concept of”Putting people first”was not implemented fully in the design，and the demands of the convenience，durableness and perfection are not met while the basic transport requirement are satisfied．(4)The advanced thought and foresight are needed to the railway construction on consideration of the local macro development trend and this is experience of the long - term traffic developments at home and abroad．Only in this way，can the railway construction well adapt to the local economic development．