The paper has completely analyzed the current situation and the development trend of railway engineering at home and abroad based on numerous data of engineering prac?tices ；and discussed the types，mechanisms and jeopardies of main geological hazards encoun?tered in the consturction, operation and maintenance of the railway tunnel ； and then demon?strated the control countermeasures for the geological hazards of railway tunnel such as. the regional stability study, locating principles，advanced predication and treatment technique, and the key research subjects under the contemporary trend.