Abstract：Research purposes： In this article， the characteristics of environmental sensitive regions in Qianjiang - Zhangiajie - Changde railway project are taken into consideration. The research focuses on the environmental comparison of the important railway sections which penetrate Longshan Yinjiajie provincial natural reserve of Hunan province and denking water source of Yemaohe reservoir of the second water factory in Xianfeng county of Hubei province，in order to select a railway route which is environmental benign and satisfies the technique ceteea. Research conclusions ：( 1 ) A comparison was made among various solutions，on the basis of a sufficient literature survey on the environmental sensitive regions. The core environmental sensitive regions should be circumvented. If penetrating the buffer area of environmental sensitive regions was unavoidable，tunnels or bridges should be adopted in the projects，since the influences on environment would be relatively less. (2) During the project survey and design phase，active communication work for environmental issues with environmental agencies of government were necessary. In order to combine the environmental impact assessment of railway with project survey and design， the formalities of environmental protection must be timely declared. Accordingly，the railway construction could be performed rapidly and legally. (3) The exemplary route selection methods for environmental sensitive regions of Qianjiang - Zhangiajie - Changde railway can provide both theoretical and practical references for route selections in the mid - west region as such regards.