Abstract ： Research purposes ： With the rapid development of high - speed railway construction，aerodynamic effects induced by high - speed train entering a tunnel are becoming more and more serious especially for long tunnels，and it is an urgent need to build standard for the design of buffer structures. In order to present a design method of high - speed railway tunnel buffer structures，the results of various research and optimization forms of the buffer structures were summerized，the in - site experiment on the propagation and amplification rules of tunnel pressure gradients was carried out，and the influence of the tunnel environment and existing cross passage were taken into account. The research will play an important role in realization of standardized design of high - speed railway tunnel buffer structures. Research conclusions ：( 1) Design of high - speed railway tunnel buffer strictures should take different calculation path according to the length of tunnels，it is recommended that amplification effects should be calculated if the length of tunnel is greater than 3 kilometer， otherwise，it can be ignored. ( 2 ) Nonlinear influence induced by the position of tunnel cross passage( slope) should be noticed when it is used as a measure to reduce the tunnel aerodynamic effects. (3 ) Results of this research can offer references to engineering design and practice of high - speed railway tunnel buffer structures.