Abstract : Research purposes : The fault structures，the unfavorable geological conditions and the complex terrain have made the engineering geological alignment much difficult in Jianning - Guanzhishan section of Pucheng - Meizhou railway. In order to check out the distribution characteristics of thefault structures and the unfavorable geological conditions along the railway，a comprehensive interpretation method，which based on the high resolution and multi - period remote sensing images and three - dimensional remote sensing technique， was utilized for geological condition survey. Research conclusions :( 1 ) Based on a 3D remote sensing interpretation and quantitative analysis system， using the comprehensive interpretation method，the fault structures and the unfavorable geological conditions along the line were interpreted，and the results were verified by the drilling and geophysical prospecting techniques，furthermore，get better interpretation effect. (2)Through detailed interpretation and field verification，more than 50 fault structures which across the line，2 debris flowwere checked out with the accuracy rate above 90 percent. (3) According to the remote sensing interpretation results，engineers adjusted part of the line angle where cross the fault structures to reduce the fractured zone influence on engineering cost and safety of tunnel surrounding rock classification， water inrush， high and steep slope，optimized the bridge spans and drilling position， moreover， made the setting of engineering measures more reasonable. (4 ) The research result can be used for engineering geology investigation and alignment of longer line projects.