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| Research on the Evacuation and Rescue Technology for Disaster Prevention of High Altitude Extra - long Tunnel |
| CHEN Shao - hua |
| (China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co. Ltd，Xi’an，Shaanxi 710043，China) |
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Abstract Abstract ： Research purposes ： The disaster prevention，evacuation and rescue technique of extra - long tunnels is the key technical guarantee for operational safety of railway tunnels. Guanjiao Tunnel on the second line of Xining - Golmud Section of Qinghai - Tibet Railway is the first high - altitude railway tunnel exceeding 30 km in China，with rail top elevation over 3300 m. It is also the longest high - altitude tunnel in the world. The smoke distribution and propagation regularity in this tunnel are different from low - altitude tunnels. It is the first time in the tunnel projects worldwide to confront with the extreme limitation of evacuation speed. The in - depth research of disaster prevention，evacuation and rescue technique of Guanjiao Tunnel is an urgent need of the project itself，and also provides a technical support tor further standardization of disaster prevention and rescue strategy for extra - long tunnels in our country. Research conclusions：( 1) Smoke distribution regularity: ceiling jet with flame is formed at the tunnel roof; smoke stratification is well kept at the initial stage of fire，but tater the smoke will gradually go down，and the natural wind or piston wind in the tunnel will facilitate the sinking of smoke. (2) According to the evacuation simulation， 12 cross? connections are set in the 550m emergency station and 1. 7m wide escape door of the cross connection can meet the requirement of evacuation. (3) Jet fans are used in the non - incident tunnel for over - pressure and uniform smoke extraction through shafts is adopted in order to keep good control of smoke propagation and sinking for safe evacuation. Corresponding emergency plan and equipment control technique are also necessary security techniques. (5) Disaster prevention, evacuation and rescue techniques of Guanjiao Tunnel provide a classic design mode for extra - long tunnels in our country , and give theoretical support and seres as a reference for similar tunnel projects.
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Received: 30 December 2015
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2016, Vol. 33 
