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15 November 2025, Volume 42 Issue 11
    

Main Line: Engineering Geology and Subgrade
Main Line: Railway and Track
Main Line: Bridge Engineering
Main Line: Tunnel Engineering
Urban Rail Construction
Energy and Environment
Engineering Economy and Management
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    Main Line: Engineering Geology and Subgrade
  • Comparative Analysis of Modal Differences between Railway Box-type Subgrades and Bridge Box Girders
    XIAO Shiguo, CHEN Wendong, ZHOU Weihao, WANG Xiang, YU Lei
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 1-7.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Research purposes: The box-type reinforced concrete structure constructed directly on treated subsoil to serve as a railway foundation is referred to as the railway box-type subgrade. It is particularly suitable for regions with limited land availability or scarcity of suitable fill materials. Modal analysis of this structure is crucial for understanding its dynamic behavior. Although the main structure of this innovative subgrade is similar to that of a bridge box girder, the boundary conditions differ significantly—the former is constrained by the foundation soil, while the latter is supported by bridge piers. These differences lead to distinct dynamic characteristics, yet comparative studies on the modal properties of the two remain limited. To address this gap, this study investigates the box-type subgrade used in the Quzhou-Lishui Railway project. Field impact hammer tests were performed on a single segment to excite vibrations and identify modal parameters. Numerical simulations were further employed to compare the modal characteristics of the box-type subgrade and bridge box girder, with the aim of determining the critical length corresponding to the most critical vertical bending mode.
    Research conclusions: (1) Field testing identified the first five natural frequencies of a single box segment as 7.553 Hz, 27.785 Hz, 35.937 Hz, 40.072 Hz, and 47.172 Hz. (2) Numerical simulations validated and extended the results to the sixth through tenth natural frequencies:58.065 Hz, 61.934 Hz, 65.454 Hz, 70.255 Hz, and 70.932 Hz. (3) Comparative analysis with a simply supported bridge box girder of the same length revealed that the natural frequencies of the box-type subgrade are consistently lower, with differences ranging from 1.134 Hz to 11.761 Hz. (4) The critical lengths for the occurrence of the global vertical bending mode—the most critical mode—are 20 m for the box-type subgrade and 15 m for the bridge box girder. As the structural length increases beyond these values, global vertical bending deformation becomes more pronounced in the box-type subgrade, while the order and frequency of vertical bending modes gradually decrease. (5) The research acheivements can provide scientific guides for engineering design of box-type subgrades.
  • Large Diameter Slurry Shield-mounted 3D Electrical Geophysical Prediction System
    JIA Lianhui, WEI Xiaolong, ZHENG Junxiang, MENG Shuaiyao, YANG Yanjun, PING Zhiquan
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 8-13.
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    Research purposes: To solve the problems of excavation compartment closure and difficulty in obtaining geological structures in front of the tunnel face during shield tunneling construction, this paper proposes a shield tunneling machine mounted 3D focused electrical method for advanced geological prediction. This method is based on the focused frequency-domain induced polarization method for geological prediction technology. Firstly, using the current focusing principle of directional electrodes, a theoretical model of the cutterhead, shield, mud, and stratum is established to simulate and analyze high resistance/low resistance anomalous bodies in the strata, forming a systematic theoretical method for refined advanced detection. Then, based on theoretical methods, the installation scheme of large-diameter slurry balance shield tunneling machine system is studied, and the hardware structure design and simulation testing of the system are carried out. Finally, based on the Shenzhen Shantou Railway project, testing was carried out to verify the efficacy of the system and summarize its application principles.
    Research conclusions: (1) The system can effectively determine the water abundance and groundwater distribution in the surveyed strata.(2) It can accurately identify the rock integrity and rock types in the surveyed strata.(3) The effective detection distance of the system is not less than twice the diameter of the tunnel face, meeting the requirements of engineering advanced detection.(4) Verified by engineering practice, the 3D focused electrical method geological prediction system can realize 3D refined interpretation of the geology ahead of the tunneling and accurately locate the spatial orientation and scale of abnormal bodies, which is consistent with the geological conditions exposed after tunneling.(5) The system is applicable to the construction scenarios of large-diameter slurry balanced shield tunneling, and can accurately predict the stratum ahead of the tunnel face, providing a reliable basis for construction decisions.
  • Landslide Disaster-causing Mechanism and Treatment Technology at Jianhua Station on the Haoji Railway
    LAI Guoquan, HUANG Dawei, WU Honggang, JIAO Haiping, ZHANG Qianyi, CHANG Gang, YANG Haotian
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 14-19.
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    Research purposes: Taking the large-scale loess accumulation landslide at Jianhua Station on the Haoji Railway as an example, the deformation characteristics of the landslide and the working performance of the pile-plank wall at the foot of the slope are analyzed. On the basis of discussing the basic characteristics and structural features of the landslide, the causes of the landslide and the evolution process of the disaster are analyzed. Finally, in view of the difficulties and key points of the landslide treatment, the targeted treatment measures are proposed.
    Research conclusions: (1) The material composition of the landslide body at Jianhua Station is primarily loess, and the sliding bed is composed of shale, mudstone and sandstone of Middle Jurassic Anding Formation. With a volume of 98.3 × 104βm3, it is classified as a large loess accumulation landslide. (2) The appearance of the old landslide which is conducive to the collection of rainfall is the terrain condition of its formation. The special dual-layer heterogeneous slope structure of "loess + mudstone and shale" is the structural and stratigraphic lithologic conditions of its generation. Rainfall infiltration and slope toe excavation are the triggering factors of its formation. (3) Atmospheric rainfall is transformed into groundwater through dominant channels such as cracks and sinkholes, and is enriched in the contact surface at the bottom of the loess and forms a high saturated aquifer, forming a weak layer that facilitates landslide development and deriving static and dynamic water pressure to the free direction of the slope, inducing the deep sliding.(4) The evolution mechanism of the landslide disaster is summarized as the following stages: the original slope stage,the excavation induced stage,the creep deformation stage,the rainstorm excitation stage,and the failure stage of the retaining structure. (5) In view of the rich groundwater and huge thrust of the landslide, the treatment measures of upward inclined hole + prestressed anchor cable anti-slide pile are adopted. (6) The research offers a valuable reference for the treatment of loess engineering landslide in the field of transportation infrastructure.
  • Study on the Pullout Failure Mechanism and Process of Resin Bolts
    SONG Huixing, SUN Keguo, FENG Shubiao, Hu Hao
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 20-26.
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    Research purposes: Resin bolt shows different pullout damage characteristics under different engineering conditions.To investigate the pullout damage mechanism, a pullout model of resin bolts was established by using particle flow discrete element software and based on the Flat-Joint Model. The failure causes and damage characteristics of the anchoring system under the interaction of different surrounding rock conditions and different catalyst-resin mastic ratio conditions were systematically analyzed, and the failure evolution process of the anchoring system was reproduced by this model.
    Research conclusions: (1) With the increase of the strength of the surrounding rock,the failure form of the anchoring system gradually changed from the formation of penetrating cracks in the surrounding rock to the slip damage of the anchoring agent, and at the same time, the bearing capacity of the anchoring system increased from 44.94 kN to 206.7 kN. (2) With the increase of the strength of surrounding rock, the improvement of the catalyst-resin mastic ratio of resin anchoring agent played a more obvious role in strengthening the bearing capacity of the anchoring system and reducing the degree of breakage of the anchoring system. (3) The initial damage area of the anchoring system is the surrounding rock at both ends of the resin bolt. The top surrounding rock is damaged by shear and the crack continues to expand downward, while the bottom surrounding rock is damaged by tension and the crack continues to expand to both sides. (4) The results provide crucial insights for understanding the failure process and damage mechanism of resin bolts and for guiding the parameter design of the anchoring system.
    • Main Line: Railway and Track
  • Wheel-rail Stick-slip Characteristics under the Coexistence of Wheel Polygon and Rail Corrugation
    LIU Shiyu, WANG Zhiqiang
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 27-32.
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    Research purposes: To investigate the stick-slip characteristics of wheel-rail system under the coexistence of wheel polygon and rail corrugation, a multibody dynamics approach is employed to investigate vibration characteristics in this paper. By establishing a complete metro vehicle-track rigid-flexible coupling model, the index of overall dispersion rate of adhesion coefficient was creatively proposed, the wheel-rail stick-slip vibration characteristics under the condition of only rail corrugation were analyzed by using this index, which could be used as a reference for subsequent analysis, and the wheel-rail stick-slip vibration characteristics under the coexistence of wheel polygon and rail corrugation were analyzed.
    Research conclusions: (1) For the conditions where there is only rail short wave harmonic corrugation and the coexistence of wheel polygon and rail short wave harmonic corrugation, the longitudinal and transverse adhesion coefficients of the inner and outer wheel-rail interfaces on the curved track approach or have already reached the saturation values within the corresponding creepage ranges, indicating that they all have the trend of stick-slip motion. (2) The overall dispersion rates of longitudinal and transverse adhesion coefficients of the inner wheel-rail interface are generally greater than the corresponding values of the outer side, indicating that the degree of stick-slip vibration of the inner wheel-rail interface is greater than that of the outside, which means that the inner wheel-rail system is more likely to unstable vibration,thereby promoting the further development of wheel polygon and rail corrugation.(3) If the profile of polygonal wheel matches the profile of corrugated rail, the existence of wheel polygon will slow down the stick-slip vibration intensity of the original system, on the contrary, it will increase the stick-slip vibration intensity of the original system. (4) The research conclusions can provide references for controlling the uneven wear during the maintenance and repair process of metro lines.
  • High-speed Railway Turnout Technology:From the Perspective of Innovation Ecology and Mechanism
    JIAO Dehan, LU Chunfang, LI Xuemei, ZHANG Hang
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 33-37.
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    Research purposes: High-speed turnout technology is an integrated system that combines track design and signaling guidance. Its core function is to enable trains to switch routes smoothly, rapidly, and safely through precise track realignment. With the continuous expansion of China's high-speed railway network, the demand and application of high-speed turnouts have also increased, gradually becoming one of the key technologies to improve railway transportation efficiency and ensure safety. This study systematically traces the evolution of high-speed turnout technology, constructs an innovation ecosystem to analyze the collaborative mechanisms among government agencies, enterprises, and research institutions, and disentangles the dynamic interplay among technical requirements, market competition, and policy drivers. The findings aim to provide theoretical guidance for technology upgrades, resource optimization, and innovation strategy formulation.
    Research conclusions: (1) Technological innovation in high-speed turnouts unfolds in three stages:technology accumulation, technology catch-up, and technology leapfrogging.(2) The innovation ecosystem reveals that all components interact and depend on one another, forming a complex, synergistic system that continuously drives and elevates turnout innovation.(3) Endogenous and exogenous forces jointly propel high-speed turnout innovation: endogenous forces arise from optimized resource allocation and organizational model innovation, while exogenous forces stem from government policy guidance, market demand, and advances in science and technology.(4) China’s high-speed turnout innovation operates through multidimensional interactions among resource-push, innovation-drive, collaborative-development, policy-steering, and market-pull mechanisms, all of which collectively accelerate technological progress.
  • Evaluation of Ballast Fouling Based on Infrared Thermography Technology
    JING Guoqing, BU Junjie, PENG Zhan, QIANG Weile, Mehdi Koohmishi, GUO Yunlong
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 38-43.
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    Research purposes: Ballast beds are prone to fouling, which significantly impacts the efficiency and safety of railway operations. This study utilizes infrared thermography (IRT) to study the temperature difference between clean and fouled ballast samples under various conditions, aimed at assessing the health conditions of ballast beds. The experiments used three primary parent rocks—limestone, basalt, and andesite—along with sand and clay as fouling materials to record the average surface temperatures of different ballast samples.
    Research conclusions: (1) Darker-colored parent rocks show higher temperatures.(2) In the morning, the surface temperature of ballast samples is higher than the core temperature, and as the fouling level increases, the average surface temperature of the ballast samples decreases. In the afternoon, the findings are reversed.(3) As the fouled area increases, the surface temperature of the ballast decreases in the morning but increases in the afternoon. Additionally, the rate of temperature change decreases as the fouled area expands. (4) In the morning, for samples with the same fouling rate, the average surface temperature of dry samples is higher than that of wet samples. In the afternoon, the opposite is true.（5）These conclusions demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of IRT in evaluating the health conditions of railway ballast beds, contributing to the improvement of monitoring and detection levels of railway infrastructure.
    • Main Line: Bridge Engineering
  • Study on the Interface Bonding Behavior between ECC-Steel Bars Composites and Concrete
    GUO Rui, YANG Dan, WANG Zhiyuan, YU Zhixiang
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 44-52.
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    Research purposes: Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) combined with steel bars or Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) forms a multi-scale fiber-reinforced cementitious composite material with high tensile strength and deformation capacity, suitable for the construction of high-performance composite structures or the reinforcement of existing structures. Addressing the interface bonding issues of composite structures, this study designed nine sets of double-sided ECC-steel composite-concrete shear specimens. Double-shear tests and numerical simulation analyses were carried out by taking into account the effects of different composite reinforcement rates, widths, and thicknesses on the interfacial load-bearing capacity and adhesion properties.
    Research conclusions: (1) The remaining ECC-steel composite-concrete interfaces exhibited a shear failure mode characterized by composite material fracture, except for a few specimens that experienced interface delamination failure due to construction defects.(2)The ultimate load-bearing capacity of the bonding interface increased with the reinforcement ratio, width, and thickness of the composite material, with the effects of width and thickness being particularly significant. (3)Referring to the Popovics model, a bond-slip constitutive model for the ECC-steel composite-concrete interface was established, taking into account reinforcement ratio, width, and thickness, as well as a predictive formula for interface load-bearing capacity.(4)A three-dimensional numerical model based on the Cohesive contact method was established, and the numerical results were in basic agreement with the experimental data. （5）This study provides a foundational tool for the construction of high-performance composite structures or the reinforcement of existing structures.
  • Study on Time-varying Characteristics and Extremes of Temperature in Steel-Concrete Composite Girders of High-speed Railways
    LIU Wenshuo, LI Ang, DAI Gonglian, XIAO Yao, RAO Huiming
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 53-60.
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    Research purposes: The temperature variation of the steel-concrete composite beams of high-speed rail cable-stayed bridges is a crucial factor affecting track smoothness. During the operation phase, the steel-concrete composite girder is partially shielded by ballast and other bridge deck coverings, resulting in changes in the cross-sectional temperature field. Based on long-term in-situ temperature monitoring data from the Quanzhou Bay Cross-Sea Bridge, this study compares and analyzes the annual variations and daily fluctuations of uniform temperature in the steel-concrete composite girder during construction and operation phases. The annual variation curves of daily average uniform temperature and the daily fluctuation curves under typical sunny days and continuous cooling conditions in four seasons are fitted for both construction and operation phases. Using the Gradient Boosted Regression Tree (GBRT) algorithm, the historical temperature component predictions for the steel-concrete composite girder from 1960 to 2023 during the construction and operation phases are obtained. Furthermore, a maximum entropy model is established to derive the time-history curves of daily extreme uniform temperature under a 100-year return period. The annual extreme values of temperature components for the steel-concrete composite girder during the 100-year return period in both construction and operation phases are calculated and compared.
    Research conclusions: (1) Compared to the construction stage,the uniform temperature of the main girder during the operation stage shows a markedly smaller annual variation, follows a sinusoidal pattern under typical sunny conditions, decreases nearly linearly under continuous cooling, and exhibits smaller daily fluctuations without evident seasonal variation.(2)The annual maximum uniform temperature under the 100-year return period is 37.8 ℃ for the construction phase and 34.3 ℃ for the operation phase, with a shielding effect reduction of 3.5 ℃. The annual maximum vertical linear temperature difference under the 100-year return period is 9.1 ℃ for the construction phase and 6.5 ℃ for the operation phase, with a shielding effect reduction of 2.6 ℃.(3)The daily and annual extreme values of uniform temperature and vertical linear temperature gradient of steel-concrete composite girders, obtained with probabilistic guarantees, can serve as a reference for determining temperature loads in high-speed railway bridges along the southeastern coast of China.
  • Research on Active Reinforcement Technology of Inner Corner Welds in U-rib of Steel Bridge Deck in Service
    CHEN Jinzhou, FENG Pengcheng, WU Youyu
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 61-66.
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    Research purposes: Aiming at the dilemma of “repair and cracking cycle” of asphalt concrete bridge deck pavement layers on orthotropic steel bridges, we explored the root causes of the diseases. Based on the U-rib internal welding technology used in newly built bridges, a new technology of active supplemental welding for the connections between the U-ribs and top plates of existing bridges was proposed. Through finite element analysis and model testing, the scientific validity of this active reinforcement technique was evaluated and analyzed.
    Research conclusions: (1) Full-scale segment model tests have verified that the local high temperatures generated by actively supplementing welds on U-ribs do not significantly compromise the high-temperature stability performance of the epoxy asphalt pavement layer or the bond strength between structural layers. (2) Through finite element simulation, the design of profiled holes in the U-rib inlay sections has been determined, and a scheme of setting profiled holes at intervals of one U-rib on the same cross-section has been proposed. (3) The active reinforcement technology for inner corner welds of U-ribs significantly enhances the fatigue resistance of orthotropic steel bridge decks by more than 1.57 times, while the generated residual stresses can be mitigated. (4) The active reinforcement technology for inner corner welds of U-ribs provides a new method for addressing fatigue cracks in orthotropic steel bridge decks.
  • Study on the Floating Towing Scheme for the Main Pier Caisson of the Xihoumen Rail-cum-Road Bridge
    LIANG Chao, LI Yonghai, OU YANG Shi, CEN Feng, YANG Jiayi, LI Ze
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 67-71.
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    Research purposes: Xihoumen Rail-cum-Road Bridge is a cable-stayed suspension system bridge with a main span of 1 488 m. Its No. 4 main pier adopts large caisson as the foundation, and hatch sealing scheme is adopted to float the caisson to the pier. The floating route is long and passes many islands, moreover, the current is fast, making the floating operation difficult. The towing resistance, course stability and shallow water effect at different speeds are analyzed based on the results of physical model test of caisson floating, and the basic principles of towing scheme evaluation are proposed.
    Research conclusions: (1) The horsepower of the main tug and the main push tug must be adequate to maintain the caisson’s headway against the most unfavorable countercurrent without reversing. The horsepower of the side tug is required to restrain the lateral swing of the caisson under the most unfavorable countercurrent speed. (2) The influence of shallow water effect should be fully considered in the configuration of tug boats. (3) Towing resistance, course stability and shallow water effect should be considered comprehensively to determine the maximum safe speed of floating caisson. (4) The research can provide reference for the development of towing schemes under long distance and complex sea conditions.
    • Main Line: Tunnel Engineering
  • The Mechanical Behavior of the Three-step Temporary Invert Method in Loess Tunnel
    FENG Weixing, ZHU Huanran, LIU Liu, HAN Bing, JIANG Han
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 72-77.
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    Research purposes: The excavation method is primarily based on step-by-step excavation to address the issue of the surrounding rock's poor self-stabilizing ability in shallow large-section loess tunnels. However, because step-by-step excavation lengthens the time it takes to close the initial support to form a ring, it is very easy to cause significant deformation of the tunnel arch and the risk of significant surface settlement. The mechanical analysis model taking into account the timing of temporary invert support is established in this paper based on the three-bench seven-step excavation method. The dynamic analysis of the surrounding rock and the support of the loess tunnel is conducted using both theoretical and measured data, and the three-step temporary invert method—a support method suitable for shallow large-section loess tunnels—is proposed.
    Research conclusions: (1) Early in the tunnel excavation process, the surrounding rock stress was quickly released; in the arch portion of the upper bench excavation, the stress release rate was 25%, and after the middle bench excavation, it reached 61%.(2) The control effect of temporary invert on arch deformation at different locations is: upper bench > middle bench > lower bench, combining with the convenience of on-site construction, it is finally determined that the middle bench temporary invert method has more advantages.(3) The three-step temporary invert method reduces the settlement of the crown by 32.8% compared with the three-bench seven-step excavation method. The pre-closed steel arch ring can enhance the integrity of the composite support well and reduce the risk of significant arch deformation and surface settlement brought on by the lengthy closing time of the initial support. (4) The results of this research provide a simple and practical method for the support of the shallow large-section loess tunnels.
  • Study on the Stability of Shield Tunnel Excavation Face Considering Interface Inclination
    CHEN Yuanpei, ZHOU Yang, XIE Guomu, FU Jikai
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 78-84.
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    Research purposes: To address the complex stability mechanism of the soil in front of the excavation face of shield tunnels in alternating soft and hard strata, the difficulty in controlling the shield posture during construction, and the difficulty in selecting reasonable excavation parameters, a mechanism for the instability of shield tunnel excavation faces considering the dip angle of geological layers is established. Based on the upper bound theorem of limit analysis, the forms of excavation face instability and the calculation method for ultimate support pressure under different dip angles of geological interfaces are determined. The rationality of this method has been verified through numerical calculations, and the influence of different geological parameters on excavation face stability has been further explored.
    Research conclusions: (1)Due to the influence of the position of the stratigraphic boundary(H/Dm) and the inclination angle of the stratigraphic boundary α, shield tunnels experience overall instability and two types of local instability,namely, Type A and Type B, in the soil ahead of the excavation face when crossing soft hard alternating strata. (2) The smaller the position of the stratigraphic boundary (H/Dm), the larger the dip angle α of the stratigraphic boundary, and the higher the strength parameters of the lower strata,the greater the possibility of local instability. As the inclination angle α of the geological boundary increases, the instability form of the excavation face will gradually shift from overall instability form to Type A local instability form and then to Type B local instability form. Among them, the stability of the excavation face under Type A local instability is no longer affected by the increase in the strength of the underlying rock and soil mass. (3) The maximum difference between the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation results of the excavation face safety factor under multiple operating conditions is not more than 6.44%, and the sensitivity ranking of geological parameters to the safety factor of excavation face is GSI>mi>σci. (4) The proposed method in this paper can provide theoretical support for reasonably determining the critical grouting range and jacking force during the construction process.
  • Analysis of Deformation in Circumferential Joints of Shield Tunnels Due to Excavation Unloading
    WEI Jingshen, LUO Wenjun, CHAI Tianjian, GUO Wenjie, ZHANG Haina
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 85-90.
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    Research purposes: The bolt connection is used between the shield tunnel segmental rings, resulting in discontinuous longitudinal bending and shear stiffness of the tunnel. This article introduces a beam-spring model to analyze the deformation of segmental rings and joints. The segmental rings are simulated using Timoshenko beams, while the joints are simulated using shear and rotational springs. The entire model is placed in the Pasternak foundation. By utilizing the Mindlin stress solution to obtain the additional stresses on the tunnel caused by the excavation of the foundation pit, then calculating the total deformation energy of the system and the work done by external forces, the longitudinal deformation of the tunnel is determined using the principle of minimum potential energy. Subsequently, the displacements and rotations of the segmental rings and joints are analyzed. Compared with the measured data, the accuracy of the method proposed in this paper has been verified.
    Research conclusions: (1) The longitudinal deformation of the tunnel obtained by the method in this article is a stepped and serrated curve, and there are abrupt changes in tunnel displacement and angle at the joint. (2) Analysis of parameters indicated that the segmental ring's width, along with the shear and rotational stiffnesses of the joint, impacts the displacement-to-rotation ratio observed between the segmental ring and the joint. Nevertheless, their influence on the longitudinal deformation of the tunnel is relatively insignificant. (3) The deformation analysis method for shield tunnels under foundation pit unloading established in this study, together with the revealed influence law of joint parameters, can be directly applied to the design optimization of urban shield tunnel projects adjacent to foundation pits (such as joint stiffness matching and segment width selection). It provides theoretical support and quantitative calculation tools for the safe construction of similar underground projects.
    • Urban Rail Construction
  • Mathematical Model for the Generation of Topological Network of Urban Rail Transit
    LIANG Qinghuai, HUANG Lei, ZHAO Jiaqi
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 91-96.
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    Research purposes: Determining the topology and layout of an urban rail transit network is a core task in network planning, as it directly impacts network’s operational efficiency, service quality, and ability to cope with operational risks. In current engineering practice, the topology and layout are often determined through qualitative analysis, which is subject to human bias and becomes increasingly inadequate for accurately, systematically, and scientifically evaluating network performance as the system scales. To address this issue, this study proposes a mathematical modeling approach to generate a topological network that reflects the structure and layout of urban rail systems. Based on complex network theory, the model incorporates objectives such as service capability, structural performance, connectivity,and safety robustness. The model was solved using the NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm to avoid the subjectivity of manual weighting. Subsequently,a case study on Fuzhou metro network was conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
    Research conclusions: （1）A mathematical model for generating the topological network of urban rail transit was constructed with objectives of service capacity,structural performance,connectivity, and safety performance. （2）Compared to the existing operational network of Fuzhou City, the generated topological network improved passenger flow attraction by 10%, spatial matchability by 84%, and network extendibility by 4%, while maintaining the same robustness, making it more aligned with the city’s population spatial distribution characteristics.（3）This study can provide a reference for the quantitative planning of urban rail transit networks.
  • Study on the Speed Efficiency of Multi-level Rail Transit Systems
    GAO Guofei, YANG Yunze, XU Manji, LIU Shusen
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 97-102.
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    Research purposes: To ensure the overall transportation efficiency of the rail transit hierarchical system under the background of the four-network integration, this study investigates the operational characteristics of current rail transit systems. It analyzes the features of the hierarchical rail transit systems in typical metropolitan areas abroad and summarizes the technical characteristics of layered rail transit systems in China, as well as the suitable rail transit modes for each layer. The concept of speed efficiency is introduced, and based on the impact of line design speed and average station spacing, the travel speed and speed efficiency of some domestic high-speed rail, intercity rail, suburban rail, and urban rail transit systems that are already in operation are analyzed.
    Research conclusions: (1) When the design speeds of high-speed rail, intercity rail, suburban rail, and urban rail transit are 250~350 km/h, 120~200 km/h, 120~160 km/h, and 80~120 km/h, respectively, and the average station spacings are 50~150 km, 5.3~70 km, 3~50 km, and 0~6 km, respectively, the speed efficiencies are approximately 39.2~71.9%, 36.5~64.5%, 40.3~59.4%, and 41.7~61.3%, respectively. (2) Considering the functional roles of each hierarchical rail transit system, it is recommended that the average station spacing be no less than 50 km and 70 km for high-speed railways designed for 250 km/h and 350 km/h, respectively. For intercity railways, suburban railways, and urban rail transit, the recommended minimum average station spacing is 15 km, 7.5 km, and 1.5 km, respectively. Correspondingly, the achievable average speed efficiency should exceed 50.0%, 48.9%, 49.9%, 39.2%, and 42.7%, respectively. (3) The current speed efficiencies of various rail transit modes can be used as a minimum standard to provide reference for the planning, construction, and operation of rail transit systems aimed at four-network integration in the future.
    • Energy and Environment
  • Research on Low-carbon Development Strategies for Railway Construction Based on Tripartite Evolutionary Game
    LIU Weiqing, LI Yifan, ZHOU Ying
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 103-108.
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    Research purposes: To reveal the game-theoretic relationships and participation strategies among the main stakeholders in the low-carbon development of railway construction, this paper constructs a low-carbon development game model for railway construction involving the government, investors, and contractors,and analyzes their stable strategies,it further explores the impact of factors such as cost input, penalty intensity, and subsidy mechanism on the strategy evolution path through numerical simulation.
    Research conclusions: (1) Cost input significantly affects strategic selection; moderate investment enhances low-carbon willingness, while excessive input may lead to negative participation. (2) The penalty mechanism has a strong regulatory effect on investors. (3) Subsidy mechanisms can effectively improve contractors’ willingness to participate in low-carbon practices, but overly generous subsidies may prompt the government and investors to abandon such incentives. (4) A fair benefit-sharing and responsibility allocation mechanism helps build strategic consensus. (5) The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the formulation of low-carbon transformation strategies and policy design in the railway construction field.
  • Research on the Impact Mechanism of Carbon Emissions in Pile Foundation Engineering Construction Based on ABM
    WANG Lin, ZHOU Rui, YANG Xingbing, LIU Wanpeng
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 109-115.
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    Research purposes: Low carbon construction of pile foundation engineering plays an important role in achieving carbon reduction from part to whole in construction projects. This study takes the pile foundation project of the Zhongchuan Airport comprehensive transportation hub as the research object, systematically analyzes the theoretical impact mechanism of factors such as labor, machinery, materials, and environment on carbon emissions during the construction phase, and verifies hypotheses by constructing a simulation model based on Agent-Based Modeling (ABM), quantifying the independent and synergistic effects of different factors, and providing theoretical basis and empirical support for the formulation of carbon reduction strategies for pile foundation projects.
    Research conclusions: (1) Single factor effect: the level of manual skills and training have a significant positive impact on reducing carbon emissions,improving worker skills can reduce carbon emissions by 6.09%; regular maintenance of mechanical equipment can effectively reduce carbon emissions, with a reduction rate of 0.10%; material recycling and utilization can contribute significantly to carbon reduction, achieving a 5.84% reduction in carbon emissions; weather factors (such as rainy days and high temperatures) have a negative impact on carbon emissions, which may lead to a 5.84% increase in carbon emissions.(2) The synergistic effect of multiple factors contributes to more effective carbon reduction and helps alleviate the negative impact of weather factors. (3) The results of this research can be applied to low-carbon construction management and decision support for pile foundation engineering of large-scale transportation infrastructure such as airports and railway hubs, providing scientific basis for promoting sustainable development in the field of civil engineering.
    • Engineering Economy and Management
  • Engineering Adaptability Evaluation Method for Electric Equipment in High-altitude Tunnels
    LI Bingtian, LIU Jie, LU Caijiang
    Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(11): 116-121.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Research purposes: In current high-altitude tunnel environments there is a lack of effective methods for evaluating the working performance, endurance, efficiency, energy consumption, and safety of new energy construction equipment. Systematic comparisons between electric and fuel-powered equipment or among multiple electric equipment units are also challenging, which hinders their widespread application. To address this, this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation system for electric construction equipment, aiming to resolve performance comparison issues between electric and fuel-powered equipment in high-altitude settings and to provide decision-making support for the application of new energy equipment.
    Research conclusions: (1)A five-dimensional adaptability evaluation system was constructed, and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method applicable to both single and multiple equipment scenarios was proposed, enabling comprehensive comparisons among single electric, single fuel-powered, and multiple electric equipment units, as well as between electric and fuel-powered equipment.(2) Using electric equipment at a site of China Railway 10th Bureau Group Co., Ltd. as a case study, the model was applied for fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The results show that the proposed method can rapidly and accurately evaluate electric equipment, and that electric equipment exhibits better adaptability than fuel-powered equipment in high-altitude tunnel environments.(3) The research outcomes can provide an effective decision-making basis for the selection, procurement, and efficiency evaluation of electric construction equipment.
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