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Study on the Triggering Mechanism of Deep Karst Collapse under Overloading of Dense Building Groups

ZHOU Jie, ZHOU Huade, BAN Chao, GU Renjie, LIU Qi

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 1-5.

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Research purposes: With the enhancement of human engineering construction activities, the problem of deep karst collapse induced by static overloading of dense building groups should be emphasized. This paper took a project in Xuzhou, a typical city in a karst area in southern China, as a prototype, and collected overburden clay samples with a depth of 18 m on site. An independently developed experimental device was employed to simulate the damage of deep karst collapse, the influence of static overloading of dense building groups on deep karst collapse was considered, and the triggering condition of deep karst disaster was further determined.
Research conclusions: (1) When the building plot ratio reaches 3.9 (the most unfavorable working condition), the overburdened soil will collapse in different sizes of karst cavities, establishing the critical trigger boundary condition for static overloading-induced deep karst damage. (2) Meanwhile, it was revealed that the collapse mode of water-resistant overburden was holistic and gravitationally induced, and its damage mode was mainly divided into three stages, i.e., the stage of overburden soil cracking, the stage of overburden soil extension and expansion, and the stage of overburden soil collapse. (3)The research result can provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of geologic disasters in karst development areas under human engineering activities.

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Estimation Method of Mechanical Index for the Sliding Zone (Surface) of Atypical Landslides

YANG Cunjin

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 6-9.

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Research purposes: For atypical landslides where the last slider of the front edge is not empty, and its remaining downward force is not zero, the traditional method to estimate the mechanical index for sliding zone (surface) of general landslides is not applicable. The method proposed in this paper is a further extension and improvement of the traditional method to estimate the mechanical index of the general landslide sliding zone (surface).
Research conclusions: (1) To atypical landslides, the paper proposes that the calculation of the mechanical index for atypical landslides to the sliding zone (surface) can be converted into the traditional method to estimate the mechanical index for general landslides to sliding zone (surface) after the effect of the rock and soil mass of the landslide front edge on the sliding body is equivalent by adding a force,and the method proposed in this paper is a further extension and improvement of the traditional method to estimate the mechanical index of the general landslide sliding zone (surface). (2) By selecting different combinations of the stability coefficient of the sliding body and the imposeding equivalent effect, the value range of the mechanical indexes c and φ of the sliding belt (surface) can be inversely calculated, and the values of the mechanical indexes c and φ of the sliding belt (surface) used in the engineering design can be determined by combining the field (laboratory) test and local similar engineering experience. (3) The research conclusions have certain reference significance for the research and treatment of similar landslides.

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Study on Bearing Characteristics of Horizontal Loaded Piles under Different Fill Compaction Degrees

JIANG Daijun, XU Pengju, DOU Shun, LIU Deren, DU Jianqiang

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 10-18.

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Research purposes: In order to explore the influence of compaction degree on the bearing capacity of loaded piles at the level of filling site, the horizontal loading test of model piles under different filling degree was carried out to study the change law of pile top horizontal displacement, pile body bending moment and pile body p-y curve of model piles under different filling degree, and the influence of fill compaction degree on the undetermined coefficient in the theoretical calculation formula of p-y curve was analyzed. The modified p-y curve formula considering the influence of compaction degree of fill was presented and verified.
Research conclusions: (1) Under the same horizontal load, the horizontal displacement and bending moment of pile body decrease with the increase of soil compaction degree. (2) As the compaction degree of the fill soil decreases, the peak point and zero point of the soil resistance on the side of the pile gradually move downward. (3) By comparing the theoretical calculation and the measured p-y curve of the hyperbolic line, the calculated value of soil resistance on the side of the pile is more different from the experimental value with the increase of the compacted degree of filling at the same position of the pile. The function relationship between the compaction degree of fill and the undetermined coefficient in the theoretical calculation formula is established, and then the modified p-y curve calculation formula considering the influence of the compaction degree of fill is proposed. (4) The modified p-y curve theoretical calculation formula can calculate the stress and deformation of horizontally loaded piles under different compaction degrees of fill soil, and can provide reference for the design and calculation of horizontal loaded pile in filling site.

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Research on Identification Method of Adverse Geology in Railway Tunnels

XU Guangchun, LIU Wei, ZHANG Fengkai, SONG Shubao

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 19-25.

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Research purposes: During the tunnel excavation process, enhancing the advanced identification and comprehensive prediction of adverse geological conditions has significant engineering guiding significance. Based on macroscopic geological and hydrogeological analysis, a risk identification method for adverse geology in tunnels has been established. The risk levels are classified focusing on issues such as rock bursts under high ground stress, mud inrushes and water gushes, soft rock deformations, and high-temperature thermal hazards. The accuracy of the method is verified by taking the prediction of high-temperature thermal hazards as an example.
Research conclusions: (1) For advanced geological prediction, it is necessary to strengthen macroscopic geological and hydrogeological analysis, and pay attention to the combination of ground and tunnel interior, the combination of geophysical exploration and drilling, the combination of different geophysical exploration methods, and the combination of long-distance and short-distance predictions. The adverse geology identification method established in this paper is innovative and scientific. (2) A single prediction method is like "a blind man feeling an elephant", which can only reveal local geological conditions. Using comprehensive prediction means can deepen the overall understanding of adverse geology and reduce ambiguity. In practical applications, multiple anomalies should not be simply superimposed, and attention should be paid to the sensitivity of each method to geological problems. (3) Advanced geological prediction is an important guarantee for construction safety. Adopting effective risk identification methods helps to prevent the occurrence of various accidents and should be incorporated into the management of construction procedures. (4) This research can provide reference for the advanced identification of adverse geological conditions in tunnels and similar projects.

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Research on Mechanical Characteristics of Ballast Bed Composite Sleeper under Cyclic Loading

ZENG Zhiping, LI Peicheng, XU Rong, LI Ping, YE Mengxuan, TIAN Chunyu, WU Da

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 26-31.

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Research purposes: In order to analyze and compare the mechanical property difference between the sleeper itself and the roadbed under the cyclic train load when composite sleeper and concrete sleeper are laid on the ballasted track, in this paper, the finite difference method and discrete element algorithm are coupled to establish the numerical calculation model of ballasted roadbed with concrete sleeper and composite sleeper. The train load is simplified as sinusoidal load, which is applied on the rail. The calculation compares the characteristics of the mechanical indexes of the two models and the change rule of the peak vibration acceleration, and analyzes the different force characteristics of the two types of sleepers.
Research conclusions: （1）When subjected to stress, due to the discrete nature of the ballast, the vertical dynamic stress of the sleeper shows a non-uniform distribution, in the middle position of the middle and lower areas of the sleeper, the vertical dynamic stress of the composite sleeper is significantly smaller than the concrete sleeper, and the maximum contact force between the concrete sleeper and ballast is greater than that of the composite sleeper. （2）Increasing the load frequency has little effect on the contact force between the ballast; increasing the peak load value results in a significant increase in the contact force between the ballasts.（3）As the peak value of the cyclic load and frequency increase, the peak value of the vibration acceleration of the composite sleeper and concrete sleeper also increases, in which the peak value of vibration acceleration of composite sleepers is slightly larger than that of concrete sleepers, but the peak value of vibration acceleration of the roadbed of the composite sleepers is smaller than that of the roadbed of the concrete sleepers. （4）The research results can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the design, construction, maintenance and repair of composite sleepers.

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Robustness Evaluation of Track Irregularity Based on Sliding Window and Grey Model

WANG Yingjie, ZHENG Zhiqiang, SHI Jin, XIAO Junhua

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 32-37.

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Research purposes: In order to predict the status of track quality accurately, this paper proposed an improved grey prediction model with sliding window method based on the non-equal interval grey model and PSO optimization, where the predicted TQI result can be calculated one by one using sliding window. The measured TQI data of a ballasted track were selected to verify the proposed model, and the prediction accuracy was compared with the existing combined prediction model.
Research conclusions: (1) The improved grey prediction model with sliding window method uses historical data closer to the predicted point to predict the track irregularity, and the adverse impact of distant historical data on the prediction results is avoided. (2) For section one and section two, the average relative errors of the improved sliding window model were 1.61% and 4.32%, respectively, which were improved compared to the existing model. (3) Through the abnormal amplitude evaluation and abnormal data volume evaluation, the MAE and MRE indicators of the improved sliding window model changed little, and it indicated that this model had strong robustness. (4) These conclusions are of great significance for mastering the development of track quality status and guiding railway maintenance.

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Study of the Shape Character of Broken Ballast under Impact Load

CHANG Jianmei, TIAN Xilong, FENG Huaiping

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 38-42.

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Research purposes: In the transitional section of road and bridge with sudden change of foundation stiffness, the ballast breakage is serious under the impact load, which causes great pressure to the safe operation and maintenance of the ballast track. The drop hammer impact test is mainly adopted and gradation change and overall damage characteristics of the ballast are mainly studied by current research. However, the quantitative study on the geometric shape change of the ballast is relatively rare. The geometric shape of ballast is an important parameter of material, and its variation characteristics have an important influence on the deterioration of ballast performance. Therefore, based on the ballast impact test, this paper studies the damage characteristics and distribution law of the ballast shape by laser scanning and three-dimensional graphic analysis.
Research conclusions: (1) The proportion of fractured ballast increases significantly under impact load, and the proportion of broken particles in angular and fractured ballast is about 3∶1. The proportion of fractured ballast increases with the increase of particle size. The proportion of angular damaged ballast is about twice that of needle and sheet ballast. The proportion of fractured needle and sheet ballast is about 3 times that of block ballast. (2) The maximum loss depth of ballast in the edge, corner, etc., is usually within 5 mm. The shape coefficient of the angular damaged ballast increases with the increase of particle size, the change rate of the shape coefficient of the block ballast is small and the change rate of the needle and sheet ballast is larger, which is about more than 3 times of the block ballast. (3) The specific surface area index can be used to distinguish the two types of ballast breakage. The relationship of specific surface area for fractured ballast before and after test is linear, and the intercept represents the performance of the fractured ballast for consumption of impact energy, which has an important effect on the location of the fracture surface. (4) The research results can provide reference for the assessment and maintenance of the deterioration of the ballast bed.

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Study on the Dynamic Response of Collision Between Crushed Ice and Pier in Water Medium

GONG Li, CUI Yue, DONG Zhouquan, DU Yunfei, JIA Zhiyuan

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 43-49.

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Research purposes: Railroad bridge piers often suffer from the impact of ice packs during the winter ice flow period, and the coupling force generated by the impact will cause different degrees of damage to the bridge piers. To study the collision of broken ice on railroad bridge abutments under extreme conditions, based on the explicit dynamic analysis software, the Arbitrary Lagrangian Euler (ALE) method is used to establish a three-dimensional fluid-solid coupling numerical model of the impact of broken ice on bridge abutments in aqueous media, and to study the dynamic response of the collision of broken ice-abutment under different flow speeds and different distribution densities of broken ice.
Research conclusions: (1)The maximum impact force of broken ice on the abutment and the speed of broken ice present an approximate linear relationship. (2) The maximum impact force of broken ice on the abutment and the density of the distribution of broken ice present an approximate quadratic function relationship, in which 60% of the distribution of the density of the impact results are more pronounced. (3) The time curve of the impact force in different moments with different peaks, and the emergence of multiple peaks, peak interval time is dense, and the maximum peak is not the first impact peak phenomenon.(4) The impact of broken ice on the bridge abutment has a greater impact when the velocity is larger and the distribution density of broken ice is near 55%, and the maximum impact force is generated by the subsequent ice extrusion. (5) When the density of broken ice is larger, the peak impact force of the subsequent broken ice is more densely distributed, and the extrusion force is increased.（6）The study can provide theoretical reference and technical support for the safe operation of railroad bridge projects under extreme conditions.

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Research on Dynamic Performance Evaluation Index for High-speed Railway Bridge

MENG Xin, WANG Yigan, YANG Yiqian, WANG Wei, DONG Zhensheng, LIU Penghui

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 50-54.

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Research purposes: During the rating process of high-speed railway bridges, there exist problems such as unclear inspection items, structural changes, and the applicability of ordinary value. The revision of relevant standards should be carried out. Based on the measured data at the present stage, proposing reasonable dynamic performance evaluation index for the commonly used span bridges of high-speed railways has always been the research focus of bridge scientific research topics.
Research conclusions: (1) Clearly define 11 testing items as the basis for evaluating the dynamic performance of bridges. (2) According to the statistical analysis of 99.6% and 99.9% guarantee rates, the evaluation indicators of the bridge are obtained. The vertical natural frequency of the 32 m simply supported box girder with a design speed of 350 km/h is 5.70 Hz, the vertical deflection to span ratio is 1/7 000, the dynamic coefficient is 1.55, the vertical amplitude is 0.45 mm, and the vertical acceleration is 0.50 m/s². (3) By comparing the measured data, it is demonstrated that the evaluation indicators can better cover the differences in detection results caused by changes in vehicles, lines, and bridges. (4) An analysis was conducted on the peak phenomenon of lateral vibration of bridges, elucidating the process of vehicle-bridge interaction and providing a calculation formula for the evaluation index of lateral amplitude at the pier top. (5) The research results can provide data support for revising the relevant standards for high-speed railway bridge inspection.

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Research on Dynamic Visualized Quality Monitoring of High-speed Railway Box Girder Concrete Vibrating Compaction Construction

JIA Guanglin, LIANG Jiaqi, CHEN Bin

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 55-60.

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Research purposes: This study aims to address the challenge of real-time and precise control of concrete consolidation quality during the pouring process. In response to the lack of dynamic monitoring and quantitative evaluation methods for the consolidation process in traditional construction practices, this research proposes and develops a real-time quality monitoring algorithm and its application system based on dynamic visualization. The system integrates Ultra-Wideband (UWB) positioning technology with Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) technology, enabling high-precision tracking and recording of the vibrator’s movement trajectory and duration inside bridge box girders. This allows for real-time, quantitative quality assessment and online feedback control recommendations for the concrete consolidation state, thereby optimizing construction techniques and ensuring the overall construction quality of concrete structures.
Research conclusions: (1)Experimental validation results indicate that the developed system can effectively achieve real-time monitoring and quantitative evaluation of the concrete consolidation process. (2) It can accurately track the spatial movement trajectory of vibrators inside bridge box girders. (3) It achieves precise recording and analysis of vibration time, depth, and coverage area. (4) Through a three-dimensional visualization platform, construction personnel can intuitively grasp key parameters during the consolidation process, enabling quantitative evaluation and real-time monitoring of the concrete consolidation status. (5) The system maintains high data acquisition accuracy and response speed even under complex construction conditions. (6) The research outcomes can be widely applied in key engineering fields involving concrete construction, such as bridges, tunnels, and high-rise buildings, providing technical support for promoting intelligent construction and green building practices.

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Experimental Study on the Dynamic Response of Loess Tunnel Portal Section with Partial Soaking

CAO Xiaoping, WANG Shaoxiong, WANG Jianhua, WANG Zhilin

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 61-65.

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Research purposes: The loess tunnel entrance section is often in a shallow buried state, which is more prone to damage when subjected to rainfall or irrigation infiltration combined with seismic motion. To study the dynamic response of the entrance section of a loess tunnel under earthquake action and the deformation and stress characteristics of the lining structure under local immersion conditions, a large-scale model of the loess tunnel entrance section was designed and completed, and vibration table simulation tests were conducted to obtain the strain at different sections of the lining and acceleration response at the entrance under high-intensity earthquake action, as well as the failure characteristics under different seismic amplitudes.
Research conclusions: (1) The peak strain of each measuring point in the tunnel increases continuously with the increase of seismic wave amplitude. When the seismic intensity increases and the arch shoulder is immersed in water, the strain response of the tunnel arch shoulder is greater; when the arch foot is immersed in water, the strain response of the inverted arch and arch foot is relatively large. (2) When the input seismic acceleration amplitude is 0.3g~0.4g,the PGA amplification factor of the inverted arch measuring point reaches its peak. When the input seismic acceleration amplitude exceeds 0.6g, the PGA amplification factor of the tunnel arch top measuring point significantly decreases, and the bearing capacity of the soil in the local area of the arch shoulder around the tunnel decreases. The plastic deformation of the surrounding rock develops rapidly and enters the accelerated failure stage. (3) There are varying degrees of through cracks in the longitudinal direction of the inverted arch of the tunnel under two immersion conditions, and cracks also occur in the arch shoulder, arch foot, and other parts, causing serious damage. Therefore, the seismic fortification of the entrance section of the loess tunnel should be strengthened. (4) This research result can provide a reference for seismic fortification of the entrance section of loess tunnels.

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Research on the Influence and Treatment Measures of Adjacent Construction on Soft Soil Shield Tunnels

PENG Bin, WU Ze

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 66-71.

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Research purposes: There have been some studies on the impact and treatment measures of the construction of a single project near a shield tunnel. For soft soil conditions in reclaimed areas, it is rare to see cases and studies where multiple projects near shield tunnels are being constructed one after another, causing the same area of the tunnel to be affected by overlapping effects. This article relies on two large projects in the reclamation area of a coastal city, which are adjacent to the shield tunnel construction project of a subway, to conduct impact analysis and response measures research of the construction surrounding shield tunnels,the results can provide a reference for the construction and planning of similar projects.
Research conclusions: (1) The unfavorable geology and construction characteristics of the reclamation area constitute the objective factors of tunnel diseases in this case. The inadequate measures for foundation pit dewatering and ground load are the main reasons for the significant deviation of the tunnel and pipe segment diseases. (2) The unloading and grouting measures taken can play a role in adjusting tunnel settlement and displacement,injecting cement slurry and EAA epoxy slurry can effectively fill the void in the roadbed and fill cracks. (3) The developed pipe repair and steel liner reinforcement plan can effectively treat tunnel pipe defects, improve the bearing capacity and deformation stiffness of the pipe segments. (4) In the process of planning the reclamation area and route, geological and regional construction characteristics should be fully considered, and reasonable risk prevention and control measures should be formulated to effectively avoid situations similar to this case.

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Research on Optimal Decision of Tunnel Construction Scheme in Complex and Dangerous Areas

DUAN Xiaochen, ZHOU Long, DUAN Pengxin, YANG Xiaoxue, SU Danna

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 72-76.

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Research purposes: To address the issue that environmental protection, safety, and quality are not well taken into account in the optimization of the tunnel construction scheme in the complex and difficult area of southwest China, resulting in a series of accidents, five important construction indices, including construction period, cost, quality, safety, and environmental protection, are comprehensively considered in this paper. Based on reasonably dividing construction activities by network planning technology, the fuzzy group method is used to represent five major indexes in the form of triangular fuzzy numbers, fuzzy multi-attribute dominance degree is defined, and an intuitionistic fuzzy set is used for evaluation. A fuzzy optimal group decision model of comprehensive construction period, cost, quality, safety, and environmental protection is established, and the optimal combination of operation modes is obtained by genetic algorithm, and the optimal decision of the construction scheme is realized.
Research conclusions: (1) The construction plan obtained by the model was implemented in the case tunnel project. Based on the actual engineering test results, under the requirements of quality, safety, environmental protection, construction period, and cost, the construction period was shortened by 20 days, and the cost was 5% lower than the budget, which improved the comprehensive benefits of the project.(2) The method was applied to the optimal decision-making of the construction plan for tunnel engineering, achieving a balanced optimization of the goals of construction period, quality, cost, safety, and environmental protection, providing methods, data support, and a basis for the decision-making of the construction plan of tunnel engineering.

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The Influence of Long-large Tunnels on the Electrical Parameters and Power Supply Performance of Traction Network

WU Mingli, CAO Guotao, YE Jingjing, HU Liang

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 77-82.

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Research purposes: The geological structure of the long -large tunnel tunnel environment is significantly different from that of the flat area, which may lead to changes in the electrical parameters and power supply performance of the traction network. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the changing characteristics of electrical parameters and power supply performance of the traction network under long-large tunnels. This article obtains the electrical parameter values of the traction network in a long-large tunnel environment through field tests, and compares and analyzes the differences between theoretical and measured values. Finally, the influence of the long-large tunnel environment on the capacitance effect, voltage-loss characteristics, and impedance-frequency characteristics is verified through MATLAB/Simulink.
Research conclusions: (1) Theoretical calculations based on the simplified Carson formula and Tylavsky formula cannot accurately assess the complex reflux system in tunnel structures, as both methods yield results are slightly higher than actual measurements. (2)In long - large tunnels, the presence of cantilever support structures leads to a marked increase in the traction network’s capacitance to ground, which is considerably higher than theoretically predicted values and thus non-negligible in actual computations. (3) Under the same power supply method, the reactance value of the overhead contact system in a long and large tunnel environment is lower than that in an open roadbed section. As a result, the voltage level of the traction network in the tunnel section is consistently higher than that in the open roadbed section. (4) The environment of a long and large tunnel will alter the distributed capacitance parameters of the traction network, causing the resonance frequency point of the traction network to shift to the left. (5) This study has guiding and reference significance for the theoretical calculation and simulation analysis of electrical parameters in electrified railway traction networks.

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Research on Self-healing Reconstruction Scheme for Wide Area Protection of High-speed Railway Traction Power Supply

QI Zhongyong

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 83-87.

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Research purposes: With the development of the intelligent level in China's high-speed railway traction power supply system, the operation mode and protection control characteristics of the power supply system are becoming increasingly complex, and the risks and hidden dangers of the system are also increasing. The traditional protection and control system can no longer meet the requirements of high speed, high load, and high intelligence of traction power supply systems. The emergence of self-healing reconstruction technology for wide area protection measurement and control systems can make up for the shortcomings of traditional protection and control systems, improve the selectivity, speed, sensitivity, and reliability of traction power supply system protection and control, and is an inevitable choice for the networked and intelligent development of traction power supply systems. This article analyzes the characteristics of the traction power supply's wide area protection measurement and control system, presents the overall architecture, studies the self-healing reconstruction scheme of the power supply arm after traction network short-circuit faults, and provides a detailed control scheme.
Research conclusions: (1) Compared with traditional relay protection, wide area protection measurement and control systems have advantages such as fast speed, wide coverage, and full backup.(2)The wide area protection measurement and control system uses the entire power supply system as a unit to network and communicate with each secondary power supply device within the system, and performs automatic measurement, monitoring, control, and protection. (3) The networking of the wide area protection measurement and control system, combined with the power supply arm short-circuit fault self-healing reconstruction technology, achieves intelligent control between stations by isolating the traction network fault section. (4) The research content of this article can provide technical reference for the application of self-healing reconstruction technology in intelligent traction power supply wide area protection measurement and control system.

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Analysis of Deformation Characteristics of Adjacent Metro Structure under Multiple Unloading Disturbances of Group Foundation Pits

WU Nan, CHEN Peipei, YANG Guangchang, WU Junjie, SHAN Jie

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 88-93.

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Research purposes: In the face of ongoing urban expansion and development, the density of engineering projects in proximity to metro structures has significantly increased, particularly in areas characterized by soft soil. The sophisticated and high-risk structural deformations induced by the construction of group foundation pits have garnered substantial attention from metro operations departments. Deciphering the non-linear cumulative characteristics of deformation triggered by grouped foundation pits is key to ensuring safe operations and systematic maintenance of metros. This paper establishes an evaluation method for the nonlinear superposition caused by group foundation pits, constructs a nonlinear deformation superposition factor of adjacent structures during group foundation pit excavation, analyzes the variation law of this superposition factor under multiple unloading disturbances of group pits based on the numerical calculation results of a case, and explores the influence of different group foundation pit layouts and excavation sequences on the nonlinear superposition characteristics of deformation of adjacent metro viaduct piers.
Research conclusions: (1) Under the influence of group pits excavation, the neighboring metro piers show obvious nonlinear deformation superposition change characteristics. (2) The superimposed deformation influence of symmetrical double pits occurs within the range of approximately 3.5H from the foundation pit to the pier. (3) Different excavation methods have slight differences in the influence of the total vertical displacement, while symmetrical foundation pits can significantly reduce the horizontal displacement. (4) The use of simultaneous excavation is conducive to controlling the impact of group pits on the neighboring environment, and in the case of successive excavation, more stringent deformation control standards should be proposed. (5) The research findings are instructive for deformation control of metro structures under conditions of group engineering activities such as group foundation pits.

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Research on the Synergistic Optimization of Technical Regulations and Standards for Intercity Railway and Suburban Railway

JIA Yonggang, BAO Lukun, CHAO Yang, CHEN Qi

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 94-97.

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Research purposes: The differences in technical conditions, service objects, and functional positioning between intercity railway, suburban railway, and trunk railway determine the uniqueness of their technical equipment and train operation organization. In the engineering construction stage, separate design specifications were formulated for intercity railway,suburban railway, and trunk railway. In the operation and maintenance stage, technical regulations are an important foundation for supporting and guaranteeing railway train operation organization, equipment operation and maintenance, and freight and passenger organization. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on the coordination and optimization of technical regulations between intercity railway and suburban railway based on construction standards, to provide support for the improvement and completion of technical regulations for intercity railway and suburban railway and the integration of the four railway networks.
Research conclusions: (1) Intercity railway operated by railway bureaus shall comply with the relevant requirements of the Technical Regulations (High-speed Railway Part). (2) The differences between the Technical Regulations (High-speed Railway Part) and the construction standards of intercity railway mainly involve track gauge, building clearance, track width, subgrade width, and train control system. (3) Railway bureaus shall, depending on the specific routes on which they operate suburban trains, respectively comply with the Technical Regulations (General Railway Part) or the Technical Regulations (High-speed Railway Part). (4) It is suggested that the relevant provisions for intercity railways be included in the Technical Regulations (High-speed Railway Part). The technical specifications for suburban railways will be formulated by the Railway Bureau Group Corporation. (5)This research result can provide reference and guidance for the formulation and revision of technical specifications and standards for intercity and suburban railways, as well as for interconnection and interoperability with mainline railways.

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Comparative Study of International Standard ISO 23054-1:2022 and Existing Standards at Home and Abroad

YANG Fei, TIAN Xinyu, GAO Liang, LIU Xiubo, DIAO Hongbao

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 98-103.

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Research purposes: Due to differences in track geometry management projects, measurement systems, and evaluation methods among countries, the international railway industry has long lacked unified guidelines for track geometry measurement and assessment. The international standard "Railway Applications - Track Geometric Quality- Part 1: Characterization of Track Geometry and Track Geometry Quality" (ISO 23054-1:2022), released in August 2022, fills this gap. Based on an interpretation of ISO 23054-1, this paper conducts a systematic comparative analysis of domestic and international standards for track geometry quality, highlighting the similarities and differences in track geometry parameter definitions and evaluation methods.
Research conclusions: (1)The ISO 23054-1 standard unifies the definitions of track geometry parameters, specifies the measurement requirements for inertial reference and chord measurement systems, introduces a conversion mechanism between wavelength range and chord-based methods, and standardizes filter design procedures. (2) There are differences among various countries' standards in terms of gauge point positions, the base length of gauge variation rates and twist, the grades of chord length/wavelength, and calculation methods of standard deviations. (3) The ISO standard, based on Chinese industry standards and incorporating practices from Europe, Japan, and other countries, provides a technical foundation for the global standardization of track quality inspection.

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Analysis of Causative Factors for Construction Safety Risks in Railway Tunnels in Complex Mountainous Areas

WANG Xingpeng, JI Zhongxuan, WANG Xuehui

Journal of Railway Engineering Society. 2025, 42(7): 104-109.

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Research purposes: In order to reveal the causal mechanism of accidents in complex mountainous railway tunnel construction, a dataset comprising 652 railway tunnel construction accident cases from 2013 to 2023 was collected. The FP-growth algorithm was employed to extract 161 association rules with high support. Based on these association rules, a hypergraph was constructed to model the causation network of railway tunnel construction accidents, and its topological characteristics were analyzed.
Research conclusions: (1) The accident causation network model based on the hypergraph clearly demonstrates the many-to-many relationships between risk events and factors, providing a powerful tool for further analysis of the complex relationships between risk events and factors in railway tunnel construction. (2) Among the six major categories of risk factors, personnel safety behavior, equipment configuration and usage, material testing are important in influencing the occurrence of events. In particular, surrounding rock stability and geological structure have a more direct impact on construction safety. (3) Rock bursts, collapses, and mud and water gushing are the most prominent risk events in the construction of complex mountainous tunnels. Factors such as geological forecasting, blasting techniques, surrounding rock stability, and complex geological structures have an important influence on these three types of risk events. (4) The research can provide a reference for the cause analysis of railway tunnel construction accidents in complex mountainous areas.

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15 July 2025, Volume 42 Issue 7

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15 July 2025, Volume 42 Issue 7