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1999 Vol. 16, No. 2
Published: 1999-02-15
 
1 BASIC THEORY AND APPLICATION TECHNIQUE FOR SPEEDING UP THE RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION OF CHINA
SUN Guang-zhong
By analyzing the specialties of the structural elements of railway engineering，such as the embankment，bridge and culvert,side slope and tunnel.etc,the railway engineering is considered mainly as a geology engineering. It is proposed that the geology engineering theory is the basic theory for speeding up the railway construction. Two corresponding application techniques are also proposed，i. e.(1)geological reconnaissance and forecast .and (2)geological reformation. The above two techniques are expounded in this paper,and several suggestions are proposed.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 1-4 [Abstract] ( 2466 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (273 KB)  ( 71 )
5 RESEARCH ON THEORY AND METHODS OF SCHEME COMPARISON FOR NEWLY-BUILT RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION
ZHU Yin,MEGN Zhi-yong,KAN Shu-yu
This paper studies the theory and methods of scheme comparison for newly-built railway constuction,provides the advantages and shortcomings of each method,and presents an example to i1lustrate that comprehensively utilizing several methods is the best way.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 5-8 [Abstract] ( 2512 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (261 KB)  ( 138 )
9 THE SITUATION AND DIRECTION OF CHINESE RAILWAY DESIGN CAD
LIANG Qing-huai,ZENG Xue-gui
After analyzing the international and domestic situations of the railway design CAD，it is found that there is a not small gap between our country and other developed west countries in this field. Starting from the reality that our country needs to catch up with the international advanced level of the railway design CAD in such a short time but on such a basis,the authors present an idea that the development of our country's railway design CAD should be based on an advanced platform in the international railway design CAD trend.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 9-10 [Abstract] ( 2526 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (216 KB)  ( 174 )
11 PRE-STATION DESIGN TECHNIQUES OF HIGH SPEED RAILWAY AND EXPLORATION ON ITS ESSENTIAL PROBLEMS
QU Xiao-hui,REN Run-tang
The design of high speed railway is a kind of high synthetic systems engineering. Nowadays，the preliminary design of Jing-Hu Railway has been accomplished，and there are a lot of problems which should be further studied and solved. Based on the study on the pre-station design techniques of the Jing-Hu high speed railway，the paper proposes the specialties and existing essential problems which are adaptive with the design of track，bridge，tunnel，station, etc，for the high speed railway in China,and several suggestions for the next stage studies on Chinese high speed railway are also proposed.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 11-16 [Abstract] ( 2546 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (463 KB)  ( 115 )
17 PRELIMINARY DISUSSION ON RAILWAY ROUTE SELECTION IN DESERT REGIONS
JING Wen-chang
The paper expounds the causes of formation of the desert ,the characteristics of the motion of sand blown by the wind and its mechanism,as well as the subgrade defects which may be affected by sand blown by the wind during construction of railway in the desert regions. Therefore,during route selection of railway line,the change of wind direction and the law of its motion should be taken into at- tendon，and the regions in which sand dunes may be easily formed and the serious quicksand regions should be avoided and taken a devious route. In accordance with the practical example of the route selection of the Shen-Yu Railway，the design feature of railway in the desert regions is introduced in detail in this paper.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 17-22 [Abstract] ( 2501 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (427 KB)  ( 158 )
23 ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUE OF STEEL TUBE ARCH RIBS FOR 100m MAIN SPAN OF HONGZHOU MAJOR BRIDGE
JIANG Xian-yang,CAI Jin-huo
The main span of the Hongzhou highway major bridge in Sichuan Province is a half-through composite steel tube concrete arch bridge with a length of 100 m and a height of 25 m. The arch circle consists of two ribs. Each rib was constructed by three circular steel tubes with variable cross-sec- dons. The arch ribs were assembled by hoisting and fabricated in high-altitude. The paper makes calculation and check for the hoisting scheme,describes the construction method in detail,and introduces the techniques for its position control and the curvature control of the arch ribs.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 23-26 [Abstract] ( 2512 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (260 KB)  ( 77 )
27 ERECTING 2 × 64 m CONTINUOUS STEEL TRUSS BY BIDIRECTIONAL COMPLETE CANTILEVER ASSEMBLY METHOD
SUN Zhao-yuan
The Henkou and Badu major bridges were constructed by the First Engineering Department of the Tunnel Engineering Bureau of MOR. The No. 3 span of Henkou Bridge and the No.4 span of Badu Bridge are the main spans both being the deck bridge with 2 × 64 m continuous steel truss. Taking the balanced cantilever erection method for the continuous prestressed reinforced concrete beam as reference，the bidirectional symmetric complete cantilever assembly method was applied and the successful results had been obtained. By using this erection method ,there were following advantages:the invested machineries being minimum,assembly works decreasing one half increasing another working area,shortening the construction period ,and having significant social and economical benefits.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 27-30 [Abstract] ( 2526 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (301 KB)  ( 151 )
31 ANALYSES OF CLIP BOLT FRACTURE FOR GUARD RAIL OF RAILWAY BRIDGE
LEI Xiao-yan,LI Ming-hua
A lot of deteriorated events have been taken place since prestressed concrete ties arc employed in railway bridge ,and clip bolt fracture is one of such events. By means of establishing mechanical analyzing models，the causes for clip bolt fracture arc investigated and the countermeasures of reducing the clip bolt fracture arc presented in this paper.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 31-35 [Abstract] ( 2496 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (314 KB)  ( 126 )
36 SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHOD OF ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON BACK OF ABUTMENT UNDER EARTHQUAKE CONDITION
LIANG Bo
By analyses ,a simplified calculation method of active earth pressure on back of abutment under earthquake condition hag been put forward. Calculating results prove the reasonable of this method. This method has also the following specialities ;considered fully the railway loading characteristics，taking into account the error of earth pressure caused by larger steep inclination of back of abutment,avoid the limitation for applying the formula during φ<η.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 36-38 [Abstract] ( 2536 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (172 KB)  ( 163 )
39 UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS OF THE DESIGN VARIABLES OF THE RAILWAY BRIDGE’S SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
WANG Qiang，LENG Wu-ming
Estimating the uncertainties of the design variables is the basis of revising the design code based on the reliability theory. This paper analyses the uncertainties of the design variables of the shallow foundations of the railway bridges，and derives the expressions computing the coefficient of variations of the load and the resistance of the soils. The results in the paper can be adopted while rewising the current code.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 39-42 [Abstract] ( 2539 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (278 KB)  ( 96 )
43 ANALYSES ON PRACTICAL EXAMPLES OF RAPID CONSTRUCTION OF MOUNTAIN TUNNELS
GUO Shan-yun
Based on the practical experiences of rapid construction for the Yuntaishan Tunnel，Wuzhishan Tunnel,Mihualing Tunnel and Shuiquanwan Tunnel，the causes of rapid construction are summarized.It is valuable as reference for construction of the tunnels in the future.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 43-47 [Abstract] ( 2502 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (454 KB)  ( 136 )
48 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNEL CROSSING CAVERN WITH ACCUMULTIONS
ZHANC De-he
The Shidaoshan Tunnel is a double-line tunnel on the Hefei-Wuhu high-grade highway with its right-line tunnel crossing big cavern，fault ,joined stratum complex zone and having much accumulations in the tunnel. The paper introduces the experiences and understandings of design and construe- tion of this kind of tunnel and the treatment of the accumulations in following aspects,such as:locking up adjacent danger sections to ensure the rear-area of working region，strengthening rock accumulations around cavern by high-pressure grouting and using anchor bolts,crossing big karst region by applying reinforced concrete tube-beam as a whole，converting large span into small span by using "glasses construction method"to ensure the construction safety,controlling strictly the deformation of surrounding rock to prevent the subsidence of structure,etc. They are valuable as reference for design and construction of similar tunnels.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 48-53 [Abstract] ( 4764 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (421 KB)  ( 109 )
54 THERMAL FIELD SIMULATION OF IMMERSED TUNNEL UNIT DURING ITS CONSTRUCTION
HAN Wei-dong,QIAO Chun-sheng
The Finite Element Method is adopted in this paper to simulate the whole constructing course of immersed tunnel unit according to the actual casting procedure. The distribution of temperature and the rule of temperature variation are analyzed under the construction situation of winter and summer. The effect of cooling material which leads to low-temperature concrete on the thermal field of the side-wall is also analyzed. The result shows that the cooling concrete can lower the temperature and the temperature variation of the side-wall effectively.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 54-57 [Abstract] ( 2576 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (278 KB)  ( 78 )
58 REINFORCING GROUND CREEP AT ENTRANCE OF TUNNEL BY PRESTRESSED ANCHOR CABLE
FENG Ming-jun1,JU Xiao-hua2
The paper introduces the engineering practice for treatment of ground creep at the entrance of the Mingyuexia Tunnel in Bao-Cheng double track railway by the application of prestressed anchor cables. The design,construction and application characteristics of the prestressed anchor cable are explored.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 58-62 [Abstract] ( 4772 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (298 KB)  ( 107 )
63 THINK UPON TREATMENT OF LEAK OF TUNNEL LINING ON NANKUN RAILWAY (WEST-SECTION)
XU He-ping
This paper briefly introduces the main methods which were applied to treat the defects of leak of tunnel lining on Nan-Kun railway(west-section),including the grouting on the back of lining， grouting inside of the lining，the spray of mortar waterproof layer,leaking stoppage by filling cracks， drainage by setting canals，etc. As well，the cause of formation of the defects are analyzed，and the thinking of treatment to them are presented. They are valuable as reference for the design and construction of waterproof and drainage.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 63-68 [Abstract] ( 2478 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (411 KB)  ( 194 )
69 ANALYSIS ON SLIDE MECHANISM DURING CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS AND ITS TREATMENT METHODS
ZHENG Yu-xin
During the excavation of tunnels，the slide often occurred. The paper analyzes the main causes of the occurred slides and the slide mechanism. The patterns of the slides are concluded as 5 kinds，including 16 different types. The treatment methods are also proposed，which consist of two classes,i. e,the treatment of slide inside of the tunnel and the treatment of slide at the entrance of the tunnel. According to different situations ,the treatment methods are expounded in detail. These methods may be applied for reference.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 69-72 [Abstract] ( 2498 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (286 KB)  ( 262 )
73 SELECTION OF TYPES AND METHODS FOR THE RESTRAINT WORKS OF LANDSLIDE AT DK163
HE De-quan，ZHANG Zhao-cai
The DK163 landslide located at the front flange of loess terrace in the Shenmu-Shuozhou Railway. It occurred in double track embankment with an overall length more than 75 metres. The anti- sliding retaining wall works were designed. Due to narrow of the site of construction and difficulty of coordination for removal of the communication lines and the power transmission line，finally，we take on removal landslide soil and builting viaduct measure. After the viaduct of railway was open to traffie，the towed engineering landsilde occurred at the hillside of the soil removal works，and we take on restraint measure of large diameter cast-in-pile works. The paper presents mainly the geological condition,slide mechanism and restraint works.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 73-76 [Abstract] ( 2488 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (299 KB)  ( 77 )
77 CONTROLLED BLASTING TECHNIQUE OF HIGH ROCK SLOPE ON ELECTRIFIED DOUBLE TRACK RAILWAY WITH MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN CENTERS OF TRACKS
ZHU Chi
In accordance with the rock blasting proceeded on high steep slope of electrified double track railway line with a distance of 4m between the centers of tracks,and combined with the most difficult work site of the Zhu-Liu electrified double track railway,five kinds of construction methods applied at work site are introduced emphatically,including the selection of adaptive blasting parameters and the distribution of blasting holes,as well as the safety check and calculation for vibration and shock wave of blasting. And therefore，the safety，high efficiency and economical results are obtained in construction works.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 77-82 [Abstract] ( 2616 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (362 KB)  ( 77 )
83 PRESTRESSED REINFORCED CONCRETE MAST FOR HIGH CAPACITY HEADSPAN SUSPENSION
YUAN Yu-sen
The paper introduces the develop and manufacture situations of the prestressed reinforced concrete mast for the high capacity headspan suspension and its main advantages. The improvement on problems discovered in the trial period are proposed. This kind of mast is suggested to be widely used in electrified railways.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 83-85 [Abstract] ( 2539 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (210 KB)  ( 188 )
86 METHOD BY SERIES CONNECTION OF CAPACITY AT EARTHING END OF TRANSFORMER AND ITS COMPARISON&ANALYSIS
YIN Chuan-gui，KANG Li-juan
This article raises a voltage compensation method by series connection of capacity at the earthing end of the transformer,and also gives the further demonstration and analysis for the method by comparing and analyzing various kinds of the voltage compensation methods used in current traction substations.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 86-87 [Abstract] ( 2523 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (144 KB)  ( 99 )
88 REVIEW AND THOUGHT ON MECHANIZATION OF RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION
XU An-hua
Based on the history records this paper discusses the important role of mechanization for technical progress in railway construction.Owing to the raising of mechanization level ,the tremendous changes have been token in the construction for railway bridge，tunnel and roadbed. All progresses in building quality,speed engineering technique and projects design are closely connected with mechanization. This paper also analyses and prospects the development of construction machinery for railway Construction in the future.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 88-93 [Abstract] ( 2510 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (461 KB)  ( 123 )
94 SCIENTIFIC FORECAST METHOD ON CONSTRUCTION RATE OF PROGRESS FOR TBM
HE Yu-lian
The paper makes a preliminary research on the telations between the tunneling speed of TBM and the geological conditions of tunnel .By utilizing statistical analysis method,a scientific fore- cast on construction rate of progress for TBM is put forward. The result of this exploration has been verified by practice in certain extent.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 94-98 [Abstract] ( 2519 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (311 KB)  ( 160 )
99 ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION ON COMMON ACCIDENT OF CRAWLER CRANE DURING FORCED TAMPING ON FOUNDATION
PAN Pei-hua
The foundation treatment by forced tamping method，which has the specialities of high adaptability，low cost and rapid effectiveness，has been widely applied on the soft soil treatment for cutting into a mountain，filling up the seashore and the backfill treatment at Shenzheng Region in re- cent years. The crawler crane is a kind of important construction equipment for foundation treatment by forced tamping method. The paper illustrates the common accidents of crawler crane during the forced tamping on foundation treatment,such as the falling of crane arm，back draft of crane arm，failure of transmission chain wheel and transmission system etc. The reasons of these accidents arc analyzed and the safety protection measures are proposed.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 99-103 [Abstract] ( 2521 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (353 KB)  ( 124 )
104 ANALYSIS ON LATERAL STABILITY OF DOUBLE一ARMED BRIDGE ERECTING MACHINE AND PREVENTIVE MEASURE AGAINST OVERTURNING
WANG Xin-li
Modern railway bridge erecting machine is not only a special equipment for erecting the rail- way bridge span，but also a synthetic equipment with mechanical specialities of hoisting，transportation，etc，which combines the mechanical，electric and hydraulic techniques as a whole. The most importance of evaluating its technical functions is that it has safety reliability or not. By analyzing and summarizing several overturning accidents of the bridge erecting machines occurred in the history of Chinese railways,it is known that the most accidents were caused by the failure of alteral stability of the entire machine. Therefore,the lateral stability of the bridge erecting machine is the base for ensuring its safety and reliability. It is necessary to establish a series of codes and measures according to this specialty for every department who possesses or applies such machines. Double-armed bridge erecting machines were mainly used by the Second Engineering Bureau of MOR in recent 20 years. Therefore.in accordance with the speciality of the double-armed bridge erecting machine，its lateral stability has been analyzed in this paper. The principle to raise its stability during design and the safety measures to prevent overturn during application are also proposed.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 104-107 [Abstract] ( 2495 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (324 KB)  ( 141 )
108 PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION ON REPAIR TECHNIQUE FOR CRACKING OF CONCRETE AND MASONRY BEAM BY UTILIZING NEW TYPE MATERIALS
LING Guo-jie
Based on the analyses on the causes of the cracking of concrete and masonry beams and combined with the engineering practices ,a new technique for repairing these disasters by utilizing new materials,such as the ZK grouting plastics for cracks，ZV repair plastics，ZB surface plastics,etc,are proposed. The properties of these new materials and the working procedures of the repair technique are introduced in this paper. Good economic benefits have been obtained,and it is valuable as reference for further popularization.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 108-111 [Abstract] ( 2490 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (308 KB)  ( 111 )
112 PRACTICE ON DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FOUNDATION WORK FOR A HIGH MULTI-STOREY BUILDING WITH PARTICULAR WORKING CIRCUMSTANCES
WANG Guo-min
The Tie-Lian Mansion which was built by the Shanghak Railway Administration is a high multi-storey building. Due to the particular geographic and geologic circumstances，the construction work of its foundation was much difficult. Combined with the practices on design and construction of this project，the following experiences are introduced in this paper:(1)Under different environment conditions，different mode of surrounding support structures were applied，(2)By utilizing compression-consolidation grouting measure，the passive soil pressure in foundation pit was strengthened to prevent the liquefaction of the ground，etc. Safety and economy effects have been obtained through thest practices.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 112-116 [Abstract] ( 4804 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (323 KB)  ( 100 )
117 MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF HIGH一PERFORMANCE PFA CONCRETE
YIN Jian，ZHOU Shi-qiong，XIE You-jun
In this paper，based on the optimal selection of the mix proportion.a kind of high-performance PFA concrete，with a little dosage of cement (C≤165 kg/m3)，the PFA content being above 70%,HPC with high workability (slump:24 cm)whose strength is above 80 MPa，has been obtained. The experimental results have been indicated that the High-Performance PFA Concrete has such advantages as high fluidity，small percentage loss of slump，high modulus of elasticity，small drying shrinkage,high durability,high Green and so on. Its application has been proved successfully in abrupt slope roof structure in student's third dining hall of Changsha Railway University.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 117-123 [Abstract] ( 2563 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (437 KB)  ( 148 )
124 KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY AND RAISING OVERALL QUALITY OF STAFF FOR CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES
SHI Da-hua
The knowledge economy，i. e. the economy based on knowledge，is a new-type economy which will be the guiding economy in the 21st century. The core of the knowledge economy is determined by whether it possess an intelligent staff who are master of the modern technologies. The paper expounds the four important characteristics of the knowledge economy. It is considered that during the coming of knowledge economy，a rapid development of opportunity and challenge will be brought to the design and construction enterprises. The present situation and the existing problems of construction enterprises are analyzed emphatically,and the corresponding countermeasures for raising the over- all staff quality of construction enterprises are proposed.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 124-128 [Abstract] ( 2423 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (392 KB)  ( 65 )
129 THOUGHT AND USING FOR REFERENCE FROM MANAGEMENT OF SINGAPORE'S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
XIE Xi-an
Singapore's advanced management technology in construction industry is introduced in the paper. Some studies are done in a few fields such as the role of government's regular control in construction industry,the contract management，the turnkey contract,the use of information technology， and opening up of construction industry market .They are compared deeply with China's situation and a couple of constructive proposals are given here also.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 129-133 [Abstract] ( 2475 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (383 KB)  ( 156 )
134 SEVERAL UNDERSTANDINGS ON QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN SITU
YAN Zhang-bo
Quality problem is a significant strategy problem. Quality management in work site is the important link of the overall quality management. The paper summarizes the missions of quality management in situ in four.aspects，i. e. the prevention of quality defects，control of quality working procedure. improvement of quality,inspection and evaluation of quality. The specific requirements and implement measures for quality management which should be performed strictly by managing staff，technicians and workers are also proposed in this paper.
1999 Vol. 16 (2): 134-135 [Abstract] ( 2452 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (148 KB)  ( 350 )
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